Pet Tortoise vs. Turtle: Key Differences and Care Tips
Tortoises and turtles are commonly mixed up as being the same, but there are some important distinctions between these reptiles. Understanding the unique needs of tortoises and turtles is key to providing them proper care as pets.
Tortoises are Land Dwelling
The most significant difference is that tortoises live exclusively on land, while turtles spend most of their time in the water. Tortoises have stumpy, round feet meant for walking on ground. Turtles have webbed feet with long claws designed for swimming.
Tortoises also have a higher dome-shaped shell so they can retract their head for protection. Turtle shells are flatter and more streamlined for aquatic life. Their legs stick out for paddling through water.
Different Diets
Since tortoises graze on land, they are herbivores eating grasses, leafy greens, flowers, and some fruits. Provide a varied diet high in fiber and calcium. Avoid protein or phosphorus-rich foods.
Turtles are omnivores and need both plant and animal matter. Offer veggies along with small feeder fish, worms, or shrimp. Their diet should mimic what they'd eat in the wild based on species.
Disparate Habitats
Tortoises require an enclosed, warm habitat with areas to hide. Provide a thermally-regulated basking area reaching 80-90F for species native to arid regions. The habitat floor should be natural grass, dirt or coconut fiber.
Turtles need a large aquarium or pond with plentiful clean water, a basking dock, UVB lighting, and water filtration. The temperature should be around 75F. Excellent swimming space is essential.
Temperature and Lighting Needs
Warmth and full spectrum lighting is vital for a tortoise's shell and bone health. Place the basking light at one end to create a temperature gradient. The opposite end should be around 70F for sleeping. Use reptile-safe heating pads at night.
Aquatic turtles also require controlled lighting over their dock for basking and to prevent shell rot. The water should maintain a stable temperature. Use submersible heaters and filters as needed per tank size.
Hibernation Factors
Certain tortoise species need to hibernate during winter months to stay healthy. Hibernation requires gradually reducing food and lowering temperatures over 1-2 months. A vet should guide first-time hibernation.
Turtles generally remain active year-round and don't need to hibernate if the habitat temperature is stable. Adjust lighting duration to match seasonal changes in daylight patterns.
Physical Handling Differences
Tortoises don't mind being handled for short periods if done gently and infrequently. Place one hand under the plastron and one hand over the shell at the tortoise's side to provide secure support.
Turtles dislike being handled and may feel stressed by excessive touching. Support the plastron with both hands when lifting turtles out of water. Handle only when necessary like during tank cleaning.
Potential Health Issues
Lack of calcium causes shell deformities and metabolic bone disease in tortoises. Provide cuttlebone and dust food with calcium supplement. Also monitor protein levels.
Turtles are prone to shell infections, respiratory infections, and skin lesions if water quality declines. Regular partial water changes are needed, plus a tank disinfecting every 1-2 months.
Estimated Lifespan
Different tortoise species have varying life spans but some can incredibly live 80-150 years with proper care! The Sulcata tortoise reaches 60-80 pounds fully grown and can live up to 70 years.
Aquatic turtles have an average lifespan of 20-40 years depending on species. Certain semi-aquatic varieties like Eastern box turtles can live 30-40 years when healthy.
Choosing the Right Reptile Pet
Tortoises and turtles each make unique pets, but have extensive care requirements. Make an informed decision after researching specific species needs, lifespan and adult size before welcoming one of these reptiles into your family.
FAQs
How are tortoises and turtles different?
Tortoises live on land while turtles live mainly in the water. They have different shaped shells, feet, diets, habitats, lighting needs, handling requirements and health issues.
What do pet tortoises eat?
Tortoises are herbivores eating grasses, leafy greens, flowers and some fruits. Avoid protein-rich foods. Supplement with calcium.
How long do pet turtles live?
Aquatic turtles typically live 20-40 years depending on species. Some semi-aquatic turtles like box turtles can live 30-40 years with proper care.
Do turtles need special lighting?
Yes, aquatic turtles need full spectrum UVB lighting over their basking area to stay healthy. Maintain water temperature between 72-78°F.
Can tortoises be handled?
Tortoises can be handled gently and infrequently. Support the plastron and side shell when lifting. Limit handling to reduce stress.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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