Examining the Use and Effects of Alcohol in Sunscreen Formulas

Examining the Use of Alcohol in Sunscreen Formulations

Alcohol is commonly found as an ingredient in many sunscreen products. But is alcohol ever good for your skin, especially sensitive skin prone to dryness? Here we dive into the purpose of alcohol in sunscreens, how much is typically used, and who may want to avoid alcohol-based options.

Why Alcohol is Added to Sunscreens

There are a few main reasons why alcohol ends up in the ingredient list for many sunscreen formulas:

• It helps dissolve other ingredients like uv filters to create a uniform formula.
• It quickly evaporates to drive faster absorption into the skin.
• It leaves a weightless, non-greasy feel compared to heavier oils and silicones.
• It acts as a solubilizer to help prevent separation of water and oil-based ingredients.

Without alcohol as a formulation aid, many sunscreens would apply unevenly, sit thickly on the skin, and take a long time to rub in completely. So alcohol improves the application experience in many sunscreens.

Common Types of Alcohol Used

Not all alcohols are created equal when it comes to how they affect skin. The most commonly used ones in sunscreen include:

• Ethanol - A volatile alcohol that evaporates quickly.
• Isopropyl Alcohol - Another fast-evaporating alcohol similar to ethanol.
• Benzyl Alcohol - An alcohol derivative with lower volatility.
• Cetearyl Alcohol - A fatty alcohol that conditions skin.

The volatile alcohols like ethanol and isopropyl alcohol are added primarily as solvents that disappear once applied to the skin. Meanwhile, benzyl alcohol and fatty alcohols like cetearyl alcohol remain on the skin longer to continue providing benefits.

Typical Percentages of Alcohol

Most sunscreens contain alcohol in percentages ranging from around 1% - 5%. Higher concentrations above this are rarely needed to make the formulas work effectively.

Light lotions and watery fluid sunscreens tend to need higher alcohol percentages near 5% to achieve a fast-absorbing finish. Rich creams and mineral sunscreens rely less on alcohol and may only include 1% - 3%.

Reading the full ingredient list can give you an idea of how much alcohol is used compared to other ingredients. Higher up on the list generally indicates a greater concentration.

Potential Concerns with Alcohol

While alcohol has its formulation benefits, it also has some potential drawbacks. The main concerns surrounding alcohol in sunscreens include:

• Skin dryness and irritation - Alcohol can disrupt skin's barrier and moisture levels.
• Increased absorption of UV filters - This can raise the risk of sunscreen chemicals entering bloodstream.
• Redness and stinging - Common complaints with alcohol use on sensitive skin types.

These potential issues are most likely to occur in formulas with higher alcohol concentrations and leave-on products. Using an alcohol-based sunscreen once shouldn't cause excessive drying. But ongoing daily use may increase irritation for some.

Who May Want to Avoid Alcohol Sunscreens

While lots of people can tolerate alcohol in sunscreen without problems, certain skin types may fare better with alcohol-free options including:

• Dry, dehydrated skin - Prone to disruption of moisture barrier.
• Sensitive skin - Increased risk of redness and inflammation.
• Eczema & psoriasis - Alcohol can trigger flares and itching.
• Oily acne-prone skin - Potential drying effects counterproductive.
• Daily use - Repeated exposure raises above concerns.
• Children's skin - More sensitive and absorbent so best to minimize alcohol.

However, those with very oily or acne-prone skin may welcome alcohol's mattifying effect. And those using sunscreen only occasionally likely won't experience issues.

Potential Benefits of Alcohol-Free Sunscreens

Switching to an alcohol-free sunscreen may provide perks for some skin types such as:

• Less risk of dryness, irritation, and disruption of the skin barrier
• A more moisturizing base of oils, butters, or silicones
• Reduced potential for sunscreen chemicals to be absorbed
• Often better suited for daily, year-round use

There are lots of alcohol-free sunscreen options from mineral formulas to hydrating chemical sunscreens. Seeking a fragrance-free version also minimizes exposure to common irritants.

How to Apply Alcohol Sunscreens More Safely

If you want to keep using your current alcohol-based sunscreen, there are some application tips that may help prevent potential issues:

• Apply to clean, dry skin instead of after washing to avoid stinging.
• Don't apply over any irritated, flaky, or broken skin.
• Allow formula to dry fully before adding additional products on top.
• Apply a moisturizer underneath to buffer skin.
• Consider washing it off after 2-4 hours if doing extended sun exposure.

Using a moisturizing alcohol-based sunscreen and taking care during application can allow you to keep benefiting from the nice textures and protection they provide.

Other Potential Alcohol-Free Options

For those wanting to steer clear of alcohol, there are alternatives like:

• Oil-based sunscreens - Use plant oils like coconut and avocado oil.
• Silicone sunscreens - Dimethicone creates a smooth, lightweight feel.
• Cream-gel hybrids - Mix lightweight and richer textures.
• Mineral sunscreens - Often formulated without alcohol.
• Asian sunscreens - Tend to use less drying alcohols.

The texture may be thicker, but these alternative formulas provide UV protection without alcohol drying effects.

The Bottom Line on Alcohol in Sunscreens

Used in moderation, alcohol can improve the aesthetics and absorbency of sunscreen formulas. But certain individuals, especially those with dry or sensitive skin, may wish to avoid daily use of alcohol-based sunscreens.

Seeking moisturizing formulas with limited alcohol content and taking care during application can allow you to keep using your preferred sunscreens. But switching to an alcohol-free sunscreen is recommended if you experience stinging, excessive drying, or irritation from alcohol-based options.

Protecting Your Skin While Avoiding Irritation

Finding the right sunscreen is a delicate balance between sufficient UV protection and avoiding skin irritation. Alcohol may work for some when used properly, but alcohol-free formulas provide a gentler option for those prone to dryness and sensitivity. As always, caring for your unique skin type remains the most important factor when choosing skincare products.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.