Understanding Hair Loss Related to Sjögren's Syndrome
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that can lead to extensive dryness throughout the body. While the hallmark symptoms are dry eyes and dry mouth, Sjögren's can also affect moisture levels in other areas - including the scalp.
Many Sjögren's patients notice their hair becoming drier and more brittle. Excessive thinning or patchy hair loss may also occur. To understand the relationship between Sjögren's and hair changes, it helps to learn more about this complex condition.
What is Sjögren's Syndrome?
Sjögren's syndrome is named after the Swedish ophthalmologist, Henrik Sjögren, who first described the condition in 1933. It occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues, especially the glands responsible for tear and saliva production.
This attack causes significant dryness in the eyes and mouth known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. However, Sjögren's is considered a systemic disease because it can affect the entire body.
Who Develops Sjögren's?
Sjögren's primarily affects women, with a female to male ratio of 9:1. Onset usually occurs between ages 40 and 60. The disease can occur alone as primary Sjögren's or develop secondary to other autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma.
Those with a family history of Sjögren's or other autoimmune conditions are at increased risk. Viral infections like Epstein-Barr and environmental triggers may also contribute to developing Sjögren's.
Symptoms Beyond Dry Eyes and Dry Mouth
In addition to dry eyes and mouth, common symptoms include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Joint pain
- Swollen salivary glands
- Skin rashes
- Digestive issues
- Vaginal dryness
- Kidney, lung, and liver problems in severe cases
Symptoms vary from mild to debilitating, depending on the level of glandular involvement and extraglandular manifestations.
How Sjögren's Syndrome Impacts Hair Health
Sjögren's affects moisture production in glands lining mucous membranes throughout the body - including the scalp. Lack of sufficient moisture can lead to a variety of hair changes.
Dry, Brittle Hair
Reduced moisture and oil gland secretion makes hair dry, frizzy, and brittle. This dryness leads to increased breakage, split ends, and fragility.
Itchiness and Scalp Irritation
With inadequate moisture, the scalp often becomes itchy and scaly. This triggers scratching and friction that further damages the hair follicles.
Hair Thinning and Loss
As Sjögren's progresses, many patients notice thinning hair or bald patches on the scalp. Hair loss is typically most noticeable on the sides of the head above the temples and ears.
Lackluster Hair Appearance
Dry, fragile hair prone to breakage loses its healthy shine and luster. Hair may appear dull, coarse, and "fuzzy" when sufficient scalp oils are lacking.
Factors That Can Worsen Hair Loss
While dry scalp is the root cause of Sjögren's related hair changes, certain factors can make hair loss worse:
Stress
Physical and emotional stress triggers the body to produce stress hormones like cortisol. Elevated cortisol disrupts normal hair growth cycles and shifts more hair follicles into the shedding phase.
Nutritional Deficiencies
Sjögren's makes nutrient absorption difficult due to disrupted digestion. Being deficient in iron, zinc, biotin, and protein can accelerate hair thinning.
Medications
Certain medications used to manage Sjögren's symptoms like immune suppressants, diuretics, and antimalarials can sometimes cause hair loss as a side effect.
Hormonal Changes
Hormonal fluctuations related to pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause can exacerbate hair loss in those with Sjögren's who are already shedding more.
Coexisting Disorders
Developing thyroid disorders, anemia, or other autoimmune diseases in addition to Sjögren's places extra stress on the body, increasing hair fall.
Getting an Accurate Diagnosis
Since hair loss can stem from Sjögren's or other medical conditions, getting an accurate diagnosis is key. Doctors first rule out other causes with exams, lab tests, and imaging scans.
To confirm Sjögren's, diagnostic criteria include:
- Blood tests checking for SSA and SSB antibodies
- Biopsy of the salivary glands
- Measuring tear production
- Evaluating saliva flow
Doctors also assess for signs of associated disorders, infection, or nutritional deficiencies that could worsen hair loss.
Treatment Options for Hair Loss
Treating the root cause of dryness and controlling Sjögren's activity improves scalp health and hair growth. Treatment approaches include:
Medications
Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine, and biologic drugs help reduce immune system attacks on moisture glands. This protects follicles.
Moisturizing Shampoos and Conditioners
Gentle cleansing paired with hydrating products improves scalp condition without stripping protective oils.
Essential Oils
Applying lavender, rosemary, or peppermint oil stimulates circulation and provides hydration to enhance hair strength and luster.
Scalp Massage
Massaging the scalp increases blood flow to boost nutrition and oxygen to follicles. It also eases stress hormone production.
Stress Relief
Relaxation practices like yoga, mindfulness, and CBT help control stress-related hair loss.
Nutrient Supplements
A balanced diet plus supplements like zinc, iron, biotin, and silica supports optimal hair health.
Platelet Rich Plasma
PRP injections use the body's own growth factors to stimulate follicles for regrowth. Multiple sessions are needed but results are promising.
Coping with Hair Loss
Despite treatment, some thinning related to Sjögren's may persist. Coping strategies include:
- Trying volumizing sprays, powders, and hair styles
- Investing in a high-quality human hair wig or hairpiece
- Embracing your natural beauty and self-worth
- Joining Sjögren's patient support groups
Remember hair loss from Sjögren's is not your fault. With your doctor's guidance, proactive management can restore hair health, appearance, and shine.
FAQs
What are the most common hair changes with Sjögren's syndrome?
The most common hair issues are dryness, brittleness, thinning, excessive shedding, lack of luster, and patchy bald spots.
Why does Sjögren's syndrome cause hair loss?
It’s caused by chronic dryness and inflammation affecting the moisture producing glands in the scalp. This damages follicles and disrupts the hair growth cycle.
What medications help treat Sjögren’s related hair loss?
Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, antimalarials, and biologics work by controlling the autoimmune attack to reduce glandular dryness and protect follicles.
What natural remedies improve hair health with Sjögren’s?
Gentle shampoos, hydrating oils, scalp massage, stress reduction techniques, and dietary improvements can support better hair growth.
When should I see a doctor for Sjögren’s hair loss?
Consult your doctor if hair loss becomes excessive or patchy or you experience scalp pain, itching, or tenderness which may indicate an infection or other issue.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
Add Comment