Sjögren's Syndrome and Hair Loss: Causes & Treatment

Understanding Hair Loss Related to Sjgren's Syndrome

Sjgren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder that can lead to extensive dryness throughout the body. While the hallmark symptoms are dry eyes and dry mouth, Sjgren's can also affect moisture levels in other areas - including the scalp.

Many Sjgren's patients notice their hair becoming drier and more brittle. Excessive thinning or patchy hair loss may also occur. To understand the relationship between Sjgren's and hair changes, it helps to learn more about this complex condition.

What is Sjgren's Syndrome?

Sjgren's syndrome is named after the Swedish ophthalmologist, Henrik Sjgren, who first described the condition in 1933. It occurs when the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own healthy tissues, especially the glands responsible for tear and saliva production.

This attack causes significant dryness in the eyes and mouth known as keratoconjunctivitis sicca and xerostomia. However, Sjgren's is considered a systemic disease because it can affect the entire body.

Who Develops Sjgren's?

Sjgren's primarily affects women, with a female to male ratio of 9:1. Onset usually occurs between ages 40 and 60. The disease can occur alone as primary Sjgren's or develop secondary to other autoimmune disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and scleroderma.

Those with a family history of Sjgren's or other autoimmune conditions are at increased risk. Viral infections like Epstein-Barr and environmental triggers may also contribute to developing Sjgren's.

Symptoms Beyond Dry Eyes and Dry Mouth

In addition to dry eyes and mouth, common symptoms include:

• Fatigue and weakness
• Joint pain
• Swollen salivary glands
• Skin rashes
• Digestive issues
• Vaginal dryness
• Kidney, lung, and liver problems in severe cases

Symptoms vary from mild to debilitating, depending on the level of glandular involvement and extraglandular manifestations.

How Sjgren's Syndrome Impacts Hair Health

Sjgren's affects moisture production in glands lining mucous membranes throughout the body - including the scalp. Lack of sufficient moisture can lead to a variety of hair changes.

Dry, Brittle Hair

Reduced moisture and oil gland secretion makes hair dry, frizzy, and brittle. This dryness leads to increased breakage, split ends, and fragility.

Itchiness and Scalp Irritation

With inadequate moisture, the scalp often becomes itchy and scaly. This triggers scratching and friction that further damages the hair follicles.

Hair Thinning and Loss

As Sjgren's progresses, many patients notice thinning hair or bald patches on the scalp. Hair loss is typically most noticeable on the sides of the head above the temples and ears.

Lackluster Hair Appearance

Dry, fragile hair prone to breakage loses its healthy shine and luster. Hair may appear dull, coarse, and "fuzzy" when sufficient scalp oils are lacking.

Factors That Can Worsen Hair Loss

While dry scalp is the root cause of Sjgren's related hair changes, certain factors can make hair loss worse:

Stress

Physical and emotional stress triggers the body to produce stress hormones like cortisol. Elevated cortisol disrupts normal hair growth cycles and shifts more hair follicles into the shedding phase.

Nutritional Deficiencies

Sjgren's makes nutrient absorption difficult due to disrupted digestion. Being deficient in iron, zinc, biotin, and protein can accelerate hair thinning.

Medications

Certain medications used to manage Sjgren's symptoms like immune suppressants, diuretics, and antimalarials can sometimes cause hair loss as a side effect.

Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations related to pregnancy, childbirth, and menopause can exacerbate hair loss in those with Sjgren's who are already shedding more.

Coexisting Disorders

Developing thyroid disorders, anemia, or other autoimmune diseases in addition to Sjgren's places extra stress on the body, increasing hair fall.

Getting an Accurate Diagnosis

Since hair loss can stem from Sjgren's or other medical conditions, getting an accurate diagnosis is key. Doctors first rule out other causes with exams, lab tests, and imaging scans.

To confirm Sjgren's, diagnostic criteria include:

• Blood tests checking for SSA and SSB antibodies
• Biopsy of the salivary glands
• Measuring tear production
• Evaluating saliva flow

Doctors also assess for signs of associated disorders, infection, or nutritional deficiencies that could worsen hair loss.

Treatment Options for Hair Loss

Treating the root cause of dryness and controlling Sjgren's activity improves scalp health and hair growth. Treatment approaches include:

Medications

Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, hydroxychloroquine, and biologic drugs help reduce immune system attacks on moisture glands. This protects follicles.

Moisturizing Shampoos and Conditioners

Gentle cleansing paired with hydrating products improves scalp condition without stripping protective oils.

Essential Oils

Applying lavender, rosemary, or peppermint oil stimulates circulation and provides hydration to enhance hair strength and luster.

Scalp Massage

Massaging the scalp increases blood flow to boost nutrition and oxygen to follicles. It also eases stress hormone production.

Stress Relief

Relaxation practices like yoga, mindfulness, and CBT help control stress-related hair loss.

Nutrient Supplements

A balanced diet plus supplements like zinc, iron, biotin, and silica supports optimal hair health.

Platelet Rich Plasma

PRP injections use the body's own growth factors to stimulate follicles for regrowth. Multiple sessions are needed but results are promising.

Coping with Hair Loss

Despite treatment, some thinning related to Sjgren's may persist. Coping strategies include:

• Trying volumizing sprays, powders, and hair styles
• Investing in a high-quality human hair wig or hairpiece
• Embracing your natural beauty and self-worth
• Joining Sjgren's patient support groups

Remember hair loss from Sjgren's is not your fault. With your doctor's guidance, proactive management can restore hair health, appearance, and shine.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.