Using Bleach to Properly Sanitize Your Pool
Bleach is a commonly used chemical for sanitizing backyard pools and keeping the water clean. Also known as sodium hypochlorite, bleach kills bacteria, algae and other contaminants that can compromise water quality.
But how exactly does bleach work to sanitize pool water? And how much bleach should you be using for proper pool maintenance?
Below we'll explore the role of bleach as a pool sanitizer, optimal bleach levels, drawbacks to watch out for, and alternatives to bleach for pool care.
Understanding Bleach as a Pool Sanitizer
Bleach works as a pool sanitizer through the disinfecting power of chlorine. Specifically, bleach contains a sodium hypochlorite solution that releases free chlorine when added to pool water. It is the free chlorine that acts as the sanitizing agent.
Free chlorine kills bacteria, viruses and algae by disrupting their cell structures and metabolism. It oxidizes the cell walls and enzymes within the contaminants. The chlorine also remains active in the water to prevent the reemergence and growth of pathogens.
However, the sanitizing efficacy depends heavily on having the proper free chlorine concentration in your pool. Too little chlorine and contamination can flourish. But too much chlorine causes unpleasant side effects without improving sanitation.
Recommended Chlorine Levels
Here are the ideal free chlorine levels to maintain in your pool for proper sanitation without issues:
- 1-3 ppm for residential pools
- 3-5 ppm for public/community pools
- Pools with features like water slides may require 5-10 ppm
"ppm" stands for "parts per million," which is the standard measurement of chemical concentration in water. Test strips or electronic testing kits can measure the free chlorine levels to help you dose bleach appropriately.
Calculating Bleach to Add
The bleach bottle strength and pool size determine how much hypochlorite to add. Here is a simple calculation:
(Desired ppm increase) x (gallons of pool water) / (bleach strength %) = oz bleach to add
For example, for a 20,000 gallon pool needing a 2 ppm boost with 6% bleach:
(2 ppm) x (20,000 gallons) / (6%) = 667 oz or about 4 gallons bleach
Always start on the lower end and test again after 30 minutes before further increasing. Distribute the bleach evenly throughout the pool.
Ideal Bleach Frequency
How often you need to add bleach depends on various factors like pool size, weather and bather load. Typically, bleach supplementation is needed:
- Every 2-3 days in warmer weather
- Once a week in cooler weather
- After heavy rains or bather loads
- When free chlorine drops below ideal levels
Test the chlorine concentration at least twice a week and prior to heavy use. Add bleach as needed to maintain proper sanitation.
Drawbacks of Using Bleach in Pools
While beneficial for destroying contaminants, bleach does come with some potential downsides to consider:
Skin and Eye Irritation
High levels of chlorine from bleach can cause stinging eyes, skin rashes and dryness. It strips natural oils and dries out hair.
Respiratory Irritation
Breathing in chlorine gas around the pool can provoke coughing, sore throat and breathing issues for kids and those with sensitivities.
Corrosion and Damage
Bleach can corrode metal components and fixtures over time. Joints and seals may also become brittle and damaged.
Environmental Impact
The sodium hypochlorite in bleach can adversely impact the environment when pool water is discharged. Safer alternatives are better for the ecosystem.
Chloramine Formation
When chlorine reacts with nitrogen from bodily fluids like sweat and urine, harmful chloramines can form. This causes unpleasant odors, irritation and reduced sanitation.
Limited Effectiveness
Bleach is less effective at higher pH and in sunlight. The chlorine dissappates faster under these conditions.
Alternative Pool Sanitizers to Bleach
Homeowners looking to move away from bleach have several options to keep pools clean and safe:
Saltwater Chlorination
Saltwater pools convert sodium chloride salt into hypochlorous acid, a natural disinfectant. Electrolytic cells or generators use low voltage electricity to stimulate the conversion. The byproducts are less irritating than pure bleach.
Mineral Sanitizers
Mineral systems slowly release active ingredients like silver, copper and zinc into the water to kill bacteria and algae. They last for months and require less monitoring than bleach.
UV Light Systems
Specially designed UV light systems damage the DNA structure of microorganisms to deactivate and destroy them without chemicals.
Ozone Generators
Ozone gas naturally oxidizes contaminants through direct contact. The gas quickly reverts back to oxygen without leaving chemical residuals.
Hydrogen Peroxide
As an alternative oxidizer, hydrogen peroxide releases free radicals that oxidize and destroy pathogens. It lasts longer than bleach in sunlight.
Secondary Sanitizers
Used along with a primary sanitizer, options like ionizers, enzyme products and algaecides improve sanitation and reduce chemical usage.
Maintaining Proper Water Balance
In addition to proper sanitizer levels, ideal water balance is key for effective pool care. Keeping pH, alkalinity and calcium hardness within recommended ranges allows sanitizers to work best and prevents damage.
pH Level
The proper pH range for pools is 7.4-7.6. Adding pH increaser or reducer adjusts the level if needed.
Alkalinity
Total alkalinity of 80-120 ppm helps buffer the pH in the ideal range. Baking soda can raise alkalinity if it gets too low.
Calcium Hardness
Calcium levels between 200-400 ppm prevent corrosion and staining. Calcium chloride is used to increase hardness if required.
Tips for Pool Care Without Bleach
If using an alternative sanitizer, keep these tips in mind:
- Maintain proper water balance for effectiveness
- Test sanitizer levels routinely
- Shock the pool if contaminants overwhelm the sanitizer
- Run circulation pumps and filters adequately for turnover
- Brush surfaces weekly to prevent biofilm buildup
- Watch for any algae growth and treat promptly
With the right sanitizer, balancing chemicals and maintenance routine, your pool can stay healthy, clean and enjoyable all season long.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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