Understanding Sleep Apnea
Sleep apnea is a common sleep disorder characterized by repeated pauses in breathing throughout the night. These breathing interruptions can reduce oxygen levels and disrupt sound sleep. There are three main forms of sleep apnea: obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, and complex sleep apnea.
Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent type, accounting for over 80% of sleep apnea cases. It occurs when the soft tissues in the back of the throat relax during sleep, blocking the airway. Common signs of OSA include loud snoring and gasping for air during sleep. Treatments may include lifestyle changes, mouthpieces, CPAP machines, and surgery.
Central Sleep Apnea
Central sleep apnea is caused by a miscommunication between the brain and muscles controlling breathing. People with CSA do not make enough effort to breathe during sleep. Supplemental oxygen and CPAP machines may help manage symptoms.
Complex Sleep Apnea
Complex sleep apnea is a combination of both obstructive and central sleep apnea. Treatments aim to stabilize breathing with oxygen therapy, CPAP machines, adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV), and corrective surgery when applicable.
Risk Factors and Complications
Sleep apnea risk factors include obesity, large tonsils/tongue, sinus issues, family history, and use of alcohol or sedatives. If left untreated, sleep apnea can increase the risk for high blood pressure, heart disease, fatigue, headaches, and cognitive problems. Consulting a sleep specialist is key for proper diagnosis and determining the best treatment plan.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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