What Are Bruises?
A bruise, also called a contusion, is a common skin injury that occurs when tiny blood vessels under the skin's surface are damaged, break open, and leak blood. This causes a reddish, blue, or purple discoloration of the skin that fades to yellow or green as it heals over time.
What Causes Bruising?
Bruises are often caused by minor bumps or blows that damage capillaries and cause internal bleeding just below the skin. People with bleeding disorders or who take blood thinners may also be more prone to bruising.
Appearance of Bruises
A new bruise typically appears reddish when blood first pools, then changes color as it fades. Older bruises may be blue, purple, green, yellow, brown or gray. More severe injuries can result in larger, deeper bruises.
Bruise First Aid and Treatment
Many bruises heal well over time with self care. Treatment focuses on pain relief and preventing further injury.
The RICE Method
Applying RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is recommended to reduce swelling and discomfort. Over-the-counter pain medication can also help relieve bruise pain.
When to See a Doctor
Seek medical care promptly if:
- The bruise is very large or deep
- Bruising seems excessive or unexplained
- Signs of infection occur (redness, heat, pus)
Let your doctor know if you take blood thinners or have a bleeding or clotting disorder, as heavier bruising may signal an underlying medical issue needing attention.
Preventing Bruises
While some bumps and minor falls can't be avoided, a few precautions can help reduce bruising:
- Wear protective gear during contact sports/activities
- Use non-slip bath mats and handrails to prevent falls
- Take extra care if on blood thinners or with a clotting disorder
- Have your doctor adjust medications if bruising seems excessive
FAQs
What causes a bruise?
A bruise is caused when a bump or blow breaks tiny blood vessels under the skin, allowing blood to leak into the surrounding tissues. This causes reddish or purplish skin discoloration.
How can I tell if a bruise is serious?
See your doctor if a bruise is very large or deep, seems excessive, shows signs of infection like redness/heat/pus, or if bruising occurs suddenly. This may indicate an underlying medical condition.
How long does a bruise last?
Bruise duration depends on severity. Mild bruises fade over 7-14 days. More severe bruises with deeper tissue damage can last 3 weeks or longer before fully healing.
How can I keep a bruise from getting worse?
Apply RICE - Rest, Ice packs, Compression like an ace bandage, and Elevation can help minimize bruise swelling and discomfort. Avoid activities that further impact the bruised area.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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