What Are Bruises? First Aid Tips and Prevention

What Are Bruises?

A bruise, also called a contusion, is a common skin injury that occurs when tiny blood vessels under the skin's surface are damaged, break open, and leak blood. This causes a reddish, blue, or purple discoloration of the skin that fades to yellow or green as it heals over time.

What Causes Bruising?

Bruises are often caused by minor bumps or blows that damage capillaries and cause internal bleeding just below the skin. People with bleeding disorders or who take blood thinners may also be more prone to bruising.

Appearance of Bruises

A new bruise typically appears reddish when blood first pools, then changes color as it fades. Older bruises may be blue, purple, green, yellow, brown or gray. More severe injuries can result in larger, deeper bruises.

Bruise First Aid and Treatment

Many bruises heal well over time with self care. Treatment focuses on pain relief and preventing further injury.

The RICE Method

Applying RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation) is recommended to reduce swelling and discomfort. Over-the-counter pain medication can also help relieve bruise pain.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical care promptly if:

• The bruise is very large or deep
• Bruising seems excessive or unexplained
• Signs of infection occur (redness, heat, pus)

Let your doctor know if you take blood thinners or have a bleeding or clotting disorder, as heavier bruising may signal an underlying medical issue needing attention.

Preventing Bruises

While some bumps and minor falls can't be avoided, a few precautions can help reduce bruising:

• Wear protective gear during contact sports/activities
• Use non-slip bath mats and handrails to prevent falls
• Take extra care if on blood thinners or with a clotting disorder
• Have your doctor adjust medications if bruising seems excessive

Let me know if you need any specific FAQ questions formulated around this topic. I aimed to provide generalized information about bruises here.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.