Constipation and Menstrual Cycles: Causes and Relief
Many women find they become constipated in the days leading up to their menstrual period. Hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can contribute to bloating, slower digestion, and constipation for some women. Understanding the connection between your cycle and digestion can help you find relief from premenstrual constipation.
Why Does Constipation Happen Before Your Period?
Shifting hormone levels during your menstrual cycle can affect bowel function. Key factors include:
- Progesterone - Rises after ovulation, slowing transit time
- Estrogen - Peaks before your period, causing bloating
- Prostaglandins - Increase contractions after ovulation
- Dehydration - Hormones can influence fluid retention
For some women, these hormonal influences lead to constipation, abdominal pain, or diarrhea specifically during PMS and the days before their period starts.
When Does Premenstrual Constipation Occur?
Most women experience premenstrual constipation symptoms 1-2 weeks before their period begins. Constipation tends to be worst in the few days immediately preceding menstruation as hormone levels shift rapidly.
Ovulation occurs about mid-cycle, around day 14 of a 28-day cycle. Constipation and other PMS symptoms often start shortly after ovulation as progesterone rises and may continue up until you get your period.
Other Constipation Causes
While hormones play a key role, other factors can also contribute to constipation before or during your period:
- Diet changes - Cravings for sugary, fatty, or salty foods
- Stress - Can slow the digestive system
- Inactivity - Menstrual cramps may limit exercise
- Dehydration - Drink less due to bloating or cramps
- Iron supplements - Taken to treat heavy periods
Getting Relief from Premenstrual Constipation
Making certain lifestyle adjustments can help get things moving again if you regularly get constipated before your period:
- Drink plenty of water - At least 8 cups daily
- Eat high fiber foods - Fruits, veggies, whole grains
- Exercise regularly - Even light activity helps
- Reduce salt - Contributes to bloating and fluid retention
- Try probiotics - Can improve gut microbiome balance
- Consider magnesium supplements - Draws water into the colon
When to See a Doctor
See your doctor if you experience:
- No bowel movement for 3+ days
- Persistent abdominal pain or bloating
- Nausea, vomiting or loss of appetite
- Unintentional weight loss
- Blood in stool
These symptoms could indicate an underlying digestive disorder, like irritable bowel syndrome, that may require treatment beyond over-the-counter constipation remedies.
Medical Treatments for Premenstrual Constipation
If lifestyle changes aren't effective, your doctor may recommend:
- Over-the-counter laxatives or stool softeners
- Prescription laxatives - Such as Linzess or Amitiza
- Medications to reduce cramping - Like antispasmodics
- Birth control pills - Can regulate hormone fluctuations
- Anti-depressants - Certain types also treat IBS
Report any worsening constipation or side effects from medications to your doctor promptly.
Should I Take Laxatives Before My Period?
Over-the-counter laxatives can provide short-term relief of premenstrual constipation. Use bulking forms, like Metamucil, or gentle stimulant laxatives, such as Milk of Magnesia.
Avoid overusing laxatives, as this can cause dependency. Its best to speak with your doctor before self-treating with laxatives long-term.
When to Take Pregnancy Test if No Period
If you have no period and negative pregnancy tests, see your gynecologist. Other potential causes include:
- Stress
- Weight loss or gain
- Thyroid disorders
- Premature ovarian failure
- Medications
- Perimenopause
- Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)
Your doctor can run blood work and ultrasounds to determine if an underlying condition is affecting your cycle.
Conclusion
Hormone fluctuations during the menstrual cycle often cause constipation, bloating, and abdominal discomfort in the days before your period starts. Making diet and lifestyle changes can bring relief in mild cases. See your doctor if symptoms persist to determine if a gastrointestinal disorder or hormonal imbalance is at play.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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