Is Baking Soda the Same as Bicarbonate of Soda?

Is Baking Soda the Same as Bicarbonate of Soda?

Baking soda and bicarbonate of soda are two names for the exact same substance. But the term "baking soda" is more commonly used in the United States, while "bicarbonate of soda" is more common in the UK and other Commonwealth countries.

The Chemistry of Baking Soda

The chemical name for baking soda is sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate. Its chemical formula is NaHCO3. It's a white, crystalline powder that dissolves rapidly in water.

Sodium bicarbonate is an alkali compound that forms a salt when combined with an acid. When baking soda mixes with acidic ingredients like buttermilk, yogurt, or chocolate, the reaction produces carbon dioxide bubbles. These bubbles are what allows batters to "rise" and expand in volume.

Origins of the Names

Baking soda first became commercially available for use as a cooking ingredient in 1846. The early producers labeled it "saleratus" or "baking soda" to distinguish it from conventional yeast leavening.

"Bicarbonate of soda" emerged as an alternate name when people recognized the functioning chemical was sodium bicarbonate. Some brands use one name or the other, while others actually print both terms on the packaging.

British vs American English

In British English, "bicarbonate of soda" is the standard term for this raising agent. Cookbooks published in the UK, Ireland, Australia and other countries also refer to it as bicarb soda or bicarbonate.

American recipes always call it "baking soda." Food scientists and brands like Arm & Hammer use baking soda as well. So while both terms refer to the exact same leavening ingredient, regional dialect differences account for the varied names.

Composition and Manufacturing

Sodium bicarbonate occurs in nature as the mineral nahcolite, but nearly all baking soda is industrially manufactured. The Solvay process developed in the 19th century provides the main production method.

Shells, limestone, and salt solution go through several chemical reactions to yield soda ash (sodium carbonate). Combining sodium carbonate with carbon dioxide and water produces the sodium bicarbonate we know as baking soda.

Culinary Uses

Baking soda's main use is in baking as a chemical leavening agent. It promotes rising in doughs and batters several ways:

• Reacts with acidic ingredients like buttermilk, yogurt, vinegar, lemon juice, etc.
• Releases carbon dioxide bubbles to aerate and expand baked goods.
• Can help break down gluten strands to tenderize dough.
• Enhances browning and caramelization for better flavor/texture.

It's especially ideal for cookies, cakes, quick breads, pancakes, pretzels and fried foods that use a soft or batter-based dough. The small bubbles create a fine, uniform crumb compared to yeast.

How it Differs from Baking Powder

Baking powder also acts as a leavening agent due to its sodium bicarbonate content. But it contains additional dry acid ingredients and a moisture-absorbing starch. This means baking powder doesn't require an external acid to react and can work with wetter batters.

The main differences are:

• Baking soda must combine with acids like buttermilk to produce CO2.
• Baking powder contains both sodium bicarbonate and an acidic component to activate rising on its own.
• A higher concentration of baking soda is needed vs. baking powder to achieve the same lift.

Is it the Same as Washing Soda?

Washing soda or sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) is a related alkali chemical compound. But it is more caustic with a higher pH around 11 compared to baking soda's pH of 8.

While washing soda was historically used for baking, it isn't suitable as a direct substitute for modern recipes leavened with baking soda. Consuming high amounts of washing soda can also have a laxative effect.

Health Benefits and Medicinal Uses

Beyond being a leavening agent, baking soda also provides some medicinal and health benefits:

Antacid

Baking soda can temporarily neutralize stomach acid and relieve heartburn, indigestion and ulcers. The recommended dosage is 1/2 tsp in water every 2 hours as needed.

Oral Hygiene

Its mild abrasiveness can help remove stains when used in toothpaste. Gargling with baking soda water can also whiten teeth and relieve canker sores. But don't use it every day long-term as this can erode enamel.

Skin Exfoliant

A paste of baking soda and water gently scrubs away dead skin cells and cleansing pores. It also soothes skin issues like eczema, rashes and itchiness. Use once or twice weekly and rinse thoroughly after.

Heartburn Remedy

Baking soda's alkalinity neutralizes excess stomach acid associated with heartburn, indigestion and GERD. Mix 1/2 teaspoon in water and drink for relief. Don't exceed 7 doses over 24 hours.

Sunburn Soother

Its anti-inflammatory and soothing properties can ease sunburn pain and inflammation. Make a paste with water and apply it topically to the affected skin.

Bloating and Gas Relief

The carbonation it generates can help release trapped gas and air bubbles causing bloating or flatulence. Add 1/4 tsp to water and drink slowly. This may cause belching.

Urinary Tract Health

As an alkalizer, baking soda's antimicrobial effect may help prevent UTIs. It makes urine less acidic which discourages bacteria growth. Drink 1 tsp dissolved in water 2-3 times per day.

Side Effects and Precautions

When consumed in normal food amounts, baking soda is generally recognized as safe by the FDA. But larger doses can have adverse effects in some situations.

Sodium Content

Consuming baking soda in excess can dramatically spike sodium intake. This may increase blood pressure and fluid retention issues.

Those following low-sodium diets for conditions like hypertension or kidney disease should limit added sodium from baking soda.

Stomach and Digestive Issues

Too much baking soda can irritate the gastrointestinal lining and cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and stomach cramps. Don't take it on a full stomach.

Frequent use longer than 2 weeks can impact acid balance and nutrient absorption. Seek medical guidance before using long term.

Drug Interactions

Since baking soda reduces stomach acid, it can affect absorption of certain medications like antibiotics and thyroid hormones. Consider timing doses at least 2 hours apart.

It also reacts with antacids and products containing calcium. Consult your physician about any drug interactions.

Tooth Enamel Damage

While baking soda can whiten teeth, overuse can make enamel softer and more prone to erosion. Use for short durations only 1-2 times per month.

Avoid brushing teeth immediately after drinking or eating baking soda as acids weaken enamel.

Creative Uses Beyond Cooking

Because of its alkaline nature, binding properties and gentle abrasiveness, baking soda has versatility beyond baking. Here are some creative ways to use it:

All-Purpose Cleaner

Its gritty texture loosens dirt, grease and grime when made into a cleaning paste. Baking soda cleans effectively yet gently without harsh fumes.

Fridge and Freezer Odor Remover

A spill-proof box of baking soda absorbs funky odors. Replenish monthly. For extreme smells, make a paste with water to scrub the fridge interior.

Drain Cleaner

Pour baking soda down drains followed by vinegar to bubble away grease clogs and foul odors. Rinse with hot water.

Produce Wash

Soak fruits and veggies in cool water mixed with a bit of baking soda to remove pesticides and wax.

Extinguish Grease Fires

Smother small grease fires on pans or ovens by tossing on baking soda. The powder's texture helps disrupt the flames.

Deodorize and Freshen

Baking soda absorbs odors rather than masking them like air freshener sprays. Sprinkle it on carpets, mattresses, gym bags, cat litter boxes, etc and let sit before vacuuming.

Polishing Metal

Gently rub baking soda onto tarnished metal like silver using a damp sponge or cloth. Rinse thoroughly afterwards.

Baking soda is endlessly useful throughout the home and for health purposes. Keep a box on hand to leverage its cleansing and neutralizing abilities.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.