Multiple Sclerosis PT Exercises PDF - Strengthening and Balance

Multiple Sclerosis Physical Therapy Exercises PDF

Living with multiple sclerosis (MS) brings many challenges, including mobility issues, fatigue, weakness and balance problems. Performing physical therapy exercises tailored for MS can be an effective way to manage symptoms and improve physical functioning.

This PDF provides an overview of the benefits of physical therapy for MS and includes examples of recommended PT exercises to target walking, strength, flexibility, balance and coordination. Tips are also included for modifying exercises based on individual ability.

Discuss starting an exercise routine with your doctor and work with a physical therapist knowledgeable about MS for guidance on the most suitable program.

Benefits of Physical Therapy for MS

Physical therapy offers many advantages for people with MS, including:

• Increases muscle strength and endurance
• Improves mobility and walking ability
• Enhances balance and reduces fall risk
• Relieves muscle stiffness and tightness
• Maintains range of motion in joints
• Teaches techniques for everyday activities
• Helps manage symptoms like fatigue, spasticity and pain
• Boosts coordination
• Elevates mood and promotes emotional health

Targeted Exercises for MS Mobility

Certain muscles and movements tend to be especially impacted in MS patients. Performing focused exercises that target these problem areas can help maximize mobility.

Walking Exercises

Walking difficulties are common with MS. Try these exercises to strengthen muscles involved in walking:

• Heel-to-toe walking: Place one foot directly in front of the other, touching heel to toe. Walk across the room with small, controlled steps.
• Side-stepping: Take lateral steps to your left and right by crossing one foot behind the other.
• Backward walking: Face forward and walk backward using a wide, stable stance.
• Sit-to-stand: Practice standing up and sitting down in a chair using your leg muscles versus momentum.

Balance Exercises

Balance issues make walking challenging with MS. Try these exercises to improve steadiness:

• Tandem stance: Stand with one foot directly in front of the other, heel to toe. Hold for 10-30 seconds.
• Single leg balance: Stand on one leg while holding support. Aim for 30-60 seconds per side.
• Weight shifting: Stand with feet hip-width apart. Transfer weight side to side and forward and back.
• Walking toe-to-heel: Place heel just ahead of toes with each step when walking.

Strengthening Exercises

Weakened muscles contribute to MS mobility problems. Perform exercises like:

• Mini-squats: Stand and bend knees slightly, keeping back straight. Hold briefly.
• Calf raises: Rise up on toes, hold 1 second, lower down. Perform near wall for balance.
• Leg extensions: Sit upright and straighten one leg out in front of you. Flex foot. Hold 5 seconds. Lower and switch sides.
• Clamshells: Lie on your side. Keeping feet together, raise top knee up and down while keeping ankles touching.

Flexibility Exercises

Muscle tightness contributes to MS stiffness. Try stretches like:

• Hamstring stretch: Sit with legs straight out. Reach toward toes while keeping back flat.
• Calf stretch: Face wall in lunge position. Keep rear leg straight and heel on floor. Lean into wall.
• Hip flexor stretch: From lunge position, shift hips forward until stretch felt on rear leg.
• Seated twist: Sit tall with legs crossed. Grasp opposite knee and twist torso to rotate.

Exercise Modifications for MS

It’s important to modify physical therapy exercises to match your current abilities. Adaptations may include:

• Reduce number of repetitions
• Hold support for balance
• Perform seated versus standing
• Slow down movements
• Exercise every other day versus daily
• Shorten duration of activity
• Allow plenty of rest breaks

Communicate with your physical therapist regarding challenges with exercises so appropriate adjustments can be made.

Prevention Guidelines

Keep these tips in mind to stay safe when performing MS exercises:

• Talk to your doctor before starting a new exercise program
• Drink plenty of fluids and avoid overheating
• Wear loose, breathable clothing
• Use support like a wall or chair when needed
• Stop activity if you experience severe fatigue, dizziness or other concerning symptoms

With your doctor's okay, a customized PT plan can help you maintain and improve physical abilities and quality of life with MS.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.