What Causes Sudden Tooth Sensitivity? 12 Surprising Triggers

Understanding Tooth Sensitivity

Tooth sensitivity, or dentin hypersensitivity, refers to sharp pains or discomfort in one or more teeth typically triggered by hot, cold, sweet, or acidic foods and drinks. It occurs when the dentin layer under the enamel becomes exposed, usually due to receding gums.

The dentin contains thousands of microscopic tubules leading to the nerve center of the teeth. When these tubules become exposed, external stimuli can trigger a response in the nerve, causing sensitivity and pain.

Causes of Sudden Tooth Sensitivity

There are many potential causes of acute, sudden tooth sensitivity:

1. Dental Procedures

Sensitivity is common after procedures like teeth cleanings, fillings, crowns, and tooth extractions. This is usually temporary as the teeth and gums heal.

2. Teeth Whitening

Whitening treatments essentially bleach the teeth, which can lead to temporary thinning of enamel and sensitivity. Proper dental supervision helps minimize risk.

3. Gum Recession

Receding gums expose the tooth roots, making them more susceptible to sensitivity triggers. Gum recession can result from periodontal disease, aggressive brushing, and more.

4. Tooth Grinding

Chronic grinding or clenching, known as bruxism, puts excessive force on teeth leading to enamel wear and sensitivity. Managing stress and wearing a night guard can help.

5. Cracked or Chipped Teeth

Cracks or chips in the teeth expose the inner dentin and nerve, often causing severe pain triggered by temperature changes or pressure.

6. Tooth Erosion

Acidic foods and stomach acids in reflux can erode enamel over time. This loss of protective covering causes sensitivity and decay.

7. Plaque Buildup

Plaque that is not removed by regular brushing and flossing can inflame the gums and cause them to recede. The exposed roots become sensitive.

8. Canker Sores

Canker sores are small ulcers that develop inside the mouth, often under the tongue. They can cause severe pain when irritated.

When Tooth Sensitivity May Indicate Other Problems

In some cases, tooth sensitivity may arise from an underlying dental health issue that requires treatment. Its important to discern normal sensitivity from more serious causes.

Tooth Decay

Cavities form when plaque bacteria erode the enamel. As they progress closer to the inner tooth and nerves, sensitivity results. Decay requires filling to prevent worsening infection.

Abscessed Tooth

An abscessed or infected tooth can become extremely sensitive. The infection leads to inflammation, swelling, and severe pain caused by pressure or temperature changes.

Damaged Fillings

Leakage around fillings or sealants allows bacteria to seep in and irritate the underlying nerve. Damaged restorations require replacement to prevent decay.

Sinusitis

Sinus congestion from allergies, colds, or infections can sometimes radiate tooth pain in the upper back molars, even when the teeth are healthy.

Neuralgia

Nerve damage from an injury, stroke, or chronic condition like diabetes or multiple sclerosis can cause neuropathic tooth pain. There is often no dental cause.

When To See A Dentist for Tooth Sensitivity

Make an appointment with your dentist if you experience:

- Severe or recurring tooth sensitivity that persists beyond a few days

- Sensitivity accompanied by decay, damage, or swelling

- Bleeding or receding gums in addition to sensitivity

- Sensitivity combined with other unexplained symptoms

- No identifiable cause for the sensitivity

The dentist can examine your mouth for any underlying problems and provide appropriate treatment. For mild, short-lived sensitivity, the following home remedies may provide relief.

Home Remedies for Tooth Sensitivity

Use a Desensitizing Toothpaste

Look for toothpastes containing potassium nitrate or stannous fluoride. These ingredients help block nerve transmission and pain signals.

Avoid Trigger Foods and Beverages

Stay away from acidic, sugary, hot, cold, or overly coarse foods that aggravate sensitivity. Drink beverages through a straw to minimize contact.

Rinse with Cool Water

Swishing cool water around the teeth and mouth helps calm irritated nerves. Add a pinch of salt for added relief.

Try a Desensitizing Mouthwash

Over-the-counter mouthwashes with potassium nitrate can temporarily block sensitivity. Use as directed after brushing.

Chew Sugar-free Gum

Chewing gum increases saliva flow, which naturally buffers acids and coats the teeth to protect dentin tubules.

Use a Cold Compress

Applying an ice pack or cold cloth against the cheek can constrict blood vessels and reduce nerve transmission.

Wear a Night Guard

If you grind your teeth, wearing a custom night guard prevents wear that leads to sensitivity.

Get a Fluoride Treatment

In-office fluoride applications can strengthen enamel and reduce sensitivity for several months.

When to Seek Medical Care

Schedule an emergency dental visit if you experience:

- Sudden sensitivity accompanied by bleeding, swelling, or severe pain

- Sensitivity combined with other concerning symptoms like headache, trouble breathing, or high fever

- Sensitivity after a dental injury, fall, accident, or trauma

Severe tooth sensitivity that comes on suddenly may indicate a significant problem needing immediate dental care. Otherwise, see your regular dentist as soon as possible to identify and address the cause.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.