Understanding Dry Skin and Its Causes
Dry skin, also known as xerosis, is a common condition that occurs when the skin lacks sufficient moisture. This can leave the skin feeling tight, itchy, and flaky. There are several factors that can cause or worsen dry skin:
Climate and Seasons
Cold winter temperatures, low humidity, and blasting heaters can strip moisture from the skin. The dry air during winter pulls moisture away from the skin faster than the body can replenish it. Dry skin tends to be at its worst during the winter months for many people.
Hot Showers
Long, hot showers, especially in winter, can sap moisture from the skin. The hot water washes away the skin's protective oils and the steam evaporates the moisture. Limiting shower time and temperature can help combat this.
Harsh Soaps
Many soaps, cleansers, and skin care products contain ingredients like sulfates and detergents that can be harsh and drying for the skin. Using gentle cleansers without fragrances or harsh chemicals is kinder to dry skin.
Age
As we get older, the skin's natural barrier function and ability to retain moisture decreases. The number of oil glands also diminish with age. Dry skin is more common in older adults, especially on the lower legs, elbows, and forearms.
Genetics
Genetics play a role as well. Some people are just born with drier skin types. Conditions like eczema, psoriasis, ichthyosis also have a genetic component and contribute to chronic dry skin.
Medications
Certain medications like diuretics, antihistamines, retinoids, and acne medications can cause increased moisture loss, irritation, peeling and redness that leads to dryness. Always notify your doctor if a medication seems to be exacerbating dry skin.
Underlying Medical Conditions
Certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism, diabetes, malnutrition, and Sjögren's syndrome inhibit the skin's ability to retain moisture. Treating the underlying condition may help improve the dry skin.
13 Natural Ingredients to Soothe Dry Skin
While moisturizers provide a temporary reprieve, addressing the root causes of dry skin will provide longer lasting relief. Here are 13 of the best natural ingredients for combating dry, flaky skin and restoring moisture balance:
1. Shea Butter
Derived from the nut of the African shea tree, shea butter is an ultra-hydrating moisturizer. It contains fatty acids and vitamins A and E to nourish, soothe, and protect the skin. The concentration of natural moisturizing factors in shea butter is similar to the skin’s own sebum.
2. Coconut Oil
Coconut oil is naturally moisturizing, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial. It contains medium chain fatty acids like lauric acid that penetrate deeply to provide lasting hydration. It’s solid at room temperature but melts on contact with skin.
3. Honey
Honey is a humectant that helps attract and seal in moisture. It also contains antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory compounds. Manuka honey from New Zealand contains additional antioxidants and is considered medicinal grade.
4. Aloe Vera
Aloe vera gel is composed of 98-99% water, making it excellent for binding moisture to the skin. It contains polysaccharides and amino acids that help replenish the skin’s moisture barrier. Aloe also has anti-inflammatory properties to help soothe flaky skin.
5. Jojoba Oil
Waxes in jojoba oil mimic the skin’s natural oils, allowing it to penetrate deeply and provide long lasting hydration. It also contains antioxidants like vitamin E. Jojoba is one of the most skin-compatible botanical oils.
6. Rosehip Seed Oil
Pressed from rosehip seeds, this oil contains provitamin A, lycopene, and essential fatty acids to nourish the skin. Its anti-inflammatory activity combined with moisturizing fatty acids make it ideal for dry, irritated skin.
7. Avocado Oil
The fatty acids and vitamins A, D, and E in avocado oil soak deep into dry, cracked skin to hydrate while reducing inflammation. It also helps reinforce the skin’s barrier function.
8. Evening Primrose Oil
High in essential fatty acids like gamma linolenic acid (GLA), evening primrose oil is anti-inflammatory and extremely moisturizing. It can help restore moisture deficiency associated with eczema and aging.
9. Argan Oil
Argan oil contains fatty acids, vitamin E, antioxidants and natural sterols to hydrate skin and protect its moisture barrier. Using argan oil daily improves skin hydration, elasticity and overall dry skin with regular use.
10. Hemp Seed Oil
The ideal 3:1 balance of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in hemp seed oil mimic the skin’s natural lipids. This nourishes the skin’s moisture barrier without clogging pores. It’s easily absorbed and suitable for all skin types.
11. Sunflower Seed Oil
Sunflower oil contains essential fatty acids, vitamin E, lecithin, and other nourishing compounds. When applied topically, it helps reinforce the skin’s barrier and protects against moisture loss.
12. Glycerin
Glycerin is a humectant that draws moisture from the air into the outer skin layer. It helps the skin retain moisture and gives it a temporary plumping effect. It can be derived from plants or made synthetically.
13. Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is a natural substance found in the skin that binds up to 1000 times its weight in water. It absorbs moisture and creates a plumping, smoothing effect on the skin. Skin care products use vegan hyaluronic acid.
DIY Home Remedies for Dry Skin
Many effective dry skin remedies can be concocted right at home using ingredients from your kitchen. Here are some recipes to try:
Coconut Oil & Shea Butter Body Butter
Combine 1/2 cup coconut oil and 1/4 cup shea butter in a glass jar or bowl. Gently melt over low heat, then allow to cool slightly. Whip with a fork until creamy. Apply liberally to dry areas like hands, feet, knees, and elbows.
Honey & Olive Oil Face Mask
Mix 2 tsp manuka honey, 1 tsp extra virgin olive oil and 1/2 tsp lemon juice. Smooth over clean face and leave on for 15-20 minutes. Rinse with warm water and pat dry. Use 1-2 times per week.
Oatmeal Bath Soak
Grind 1 cup rolled oats in a food processor until powdery. Add the oatmeal powder and 1/4 cup olive oil to warm bath water. Soak for at least 15 minutes to hydrate and soften dry skin.
Aloe & Glycerin Moisturizer
Whisk together 1/4 cup aloe vera gel, 1 tsp glycerin, 5 drops jojoba oil and 2-3 tsp rosewater. Store in the fridge. Apply to clean dry areas 1-2 times daily as needed.
Tips for Managing Dry Skin
In addition to home remedies, there are several things you can do to avoid dry skin flare ups:
Choose Gentler Cleansers
Avoid soaps and cleansers containing sodium lauryl sulfate, fragrances, alcohols, and other harsh chemicals. Opt for gentle, fragrance-free cleansers instead.
FAQs
What causes dry skin?
Dry skin can be caused by external factors like cold temperatures, low humidity, harsh soaps, hot showers, and aging. Certain medical conditions, medications, and genetics also play a role.
What natural ingredients help dry skin?
Some of the best natural moisturizers for dry skin include coconut oil, shea butter, aloe vera, honey, jojoba oil, olive oil, avocado oil, and hyaluronic acid.
What should I avoid if I have dry skin?
Avoid very hot showers, harsh soaps and detergents, indoor heating, and allergenic fabrics like wool. Use gentle cleansers and moisturize immediately after bathing.
How can I make my own dry skin cream?
Homemade creams, butters, and masks can be made by combining natural oils and butters like coconut oil, shea butter, aloe gel, honey, and essential oils.
What foods help dry skin?
Foods containing healthy fats like avocados, nuts, seeds, and fatty fish can improve dry skin from the inside out. Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
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