Understanding the Differences Between Psychotherapists and Psychologists
When seeking mental health treatment, two of the most common professionals you may consider seeing are a psychotherapist or a psychologist. But what are the key differences between the two and how do you decide which one is the best fit for your needs?
Defining Psychotherapists
Psychotherapists are trained mental health professionals who help patients manage their problems through therapeutic techniques like counseling. They guide patients in understanding their emotions, behaviors, and thought patterns so they can develop coping strategies for issues ranging from everyday stress to more severe mental illnesses.
The most common types of psychotherapists are:
- Psychologists
- Marriage and family therapists
- Clinical social workers
- Counselors
Psychotherapists utilize various evidence-based therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), and interpersonal therapy. The specific modalities a psychotherapist is trained in depends on their background and area of expertise.
Understanding the Role of Psychologists
Psychologists have doctorate degrees (PhD or PsyD) and are trained in diagnosing and treating mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders. With their advanced training, they can provide psychotherapy as well as administer psychological tests.
There are several types of psychologists:
- Clinical psychologists assess, diagnose, and treat mental illnesses through approaches like CBT and psychoanalysis.
- Counseling psychologists help patients understand and resolve everyday issues leading to distress.
- School psychologists address learning and emotional problems affecting students.
In most states, psychologists must hold an advanced psychology degree, complete internship hours, pass the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychology (EPPP), and obtain a license to practice independently.
Key Differences Between the Two Fields
While psychotherapists and psychologists have some overlap in roles, there are distinct differences in their backgrounds, expertise, diagnostic ability, and treatment approaches.
Diagnosing Patients
A major difference between psychologists vs psychotherapists is the ability to diagnose mental illnesses. Psychologists can diagnose conditions like depression, OCD, PTSD, and schizophrenia. They have special training in differential diagnosis using assessments and tests.
Meanwhile, psychotherapists can determine if someone meets the general criteria for a disorder. However, only licensed psychologists and psychiatrists can officially diagnose patients in most states.
Prescribing Medications
Psychiatrists attend medical school and can prescribe psychiatric medications for mental health disorders. Psychologists and other psychotherapists cannot prescribe drugs to patients.
If medication is needed in tandem with therapy, a psychotherapist may refer a patient to see a psychiatrist or primary care physician for medical evaluation and management.
Salary and Earning Potential
On average, psychologists earn a higher median pay than psychotherapists. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average salaries are:
- Clinical, counseling, and school psychologists: $82,180 per year
- Marriage and family therapists: $56,890 per year
- Clinical social workers: $60,790 per year
- Mental health counselors: $47,660 per year
However, salaries can vary substantially depending on your specialty, work setting, location, experience level, and other factors.
Choosing Between a Psychologist and Psychotherapist
Here are some key considerations when deciding if you should see a psychologist vs psychotherapist for treatment:
Your Needs and Goals
Determine if you need to receive an official diagnosis for a suspected mental health issue, require medication, or take psychological tests. These are strengths of a licensed psychologist. Or if you mainly want to focus on personal growth and short-term coping strategies, a counselor or family therapist may suit your needs.
Areas of Focus
Research if a psychologist or psychotherapist has experience helping patients with your specific concerns. For example, if you have relationship problems, seek out a couples counselor. Or if you’re struggling at school, see if there’s a counseling or school psychologist on staff.
Treatment Approaches
Do you want to try specific modalities like CBT, psychoanalysis, or systemic therapy? Make sure to ask psychologists and psychotherapists about the therapy models they use so you can find the best treatment fit.
Cost and Insurance Coverage
Find out if the provider takes your insurance and what costs to expect. Psychologists tend to have higher fees on average than a licensed clinical social worker or mental health counselor. But insurance can offset out-of-pocket expenses for covered providers.
Making the Best Choice for Your Mental Health
Addressing your emotional and psychological needs is essential for living a healthy, balanced life. But deciding whether to see a psychologist vs psychotherapist depends on factors like your diagnosis needs, preferred treatment types, cost concerns, and health insurance coverage.
By learning some key differences between the two fields, assessing your situation, and asking the right questions, you’ll be equipped to make the ideal choice for your mental health treatment.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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