Moles to Get Checked Out: Signs, Symptoms, Risk Factors of Melanoma Skin Cancer

Recognizing Potentially Dangerous Moles

Moles, medically known as nevi, are common skin growths that are usually harmless. However, some moles may develop into melanoma, which is the deadliest form of skin cancer. That's why it's important to monitor existing moles and be aware of new ones that appear.

What Exactly Is a Mole?

A mole is cluster of pigmented cells known as melanocytes. Moles range in size, shape, and color. Many people have between 10 to 40 moles. The vast majority pose no health risk, but abnormalities in existing moles or new atypical moles may indicate melanoma.

Types of At-Risk Moles

There are a few types of moles that warrant closer inspection:

• Atypical/Dysplastic Nevi: Larger moles with irregular borders and coloring.
• Congenital Nevi: Moles present at birth, especially large ones.
• Acquired Nevi: New moles that appear later, after age 50.

While not cancerous, these moles have a higher chance of becoming melanoma over time. That's why keeping track of changes is critical.

Signs Your Mole May Be Dangerous

Look for the ABCDE signs when monitoring moles. See your dermatologist promptly if you notice any of the following in an existing or new mole:

A - Asymmetry

One half of the mole looks different than the other half. Melanoma spots are often irregularly shaped.

B - Border

The mole has uneven, blurred, notched, or ragged edges. Melanoma moles tend to have unusual borders.

C - Color

The mole has a variety of colors - shades of brown, black, red, blue, white, etc. This color variation may be a warning sign.

D - Diameter

The mole is larger than 6mm across (about the size of a pencil eraser), although melanoma can develop on smaller moles too.

E - Evolving

The mole's shape, size, color or sensation changes over time. Any alteration may mark a developing melanoma.

Other Suspicious Changes

In addition to the ABCDE signs, be vigilant about these types of changes in a mole:

• Itching, bleeding, or tingling sensation in an existing mole.
• A sore that doesn't heal, or a new black or red lump.
• Moles in hidden places changing shape or color.
• Reappearance of an old mole after it was surgically removed.

Who Is At High Risk?

You may be more prone to developing melanoma if you:

• Have fair skin, light hair/eye color, freckles easily.
• Work outdoors or have frequent sun exposure.
• Use tanning beds or have a history of sunburns.
• Have many atypical moles or large congenital nevi.
• Have a family history of melanoma skin cancer.
• Have a weakened immune system due to disease or medication.
• Had melanoma or another skin cancer previously.

When to Schedule an Exam

Consult your dermatologist promptly if you notice any bothersome skin changes. Early detection gives melanoma the best treatment outlook. Typically a dermatologist will:

• Visually inspect skin moles and use a dermatoscope to examine them further.
• Determine if a biopsy is needed to test for cancer cells.
• Discuss treatment plan based on biopsy results.

Prevention Tips

While some moles will always be benign, be vigilant with skin checks to ensure a mole does not transform into melanoma. Dermatologists also advise:

• Applying sunscreen daily and wearing protective clothing outside.
• Avoiding tanning beds and sunburns.
• Doing regular self-exams using a full-length mirror.
• Seeing a dermatologist annually for a skin cancer screening.

Being aware of new or changing moles on your skin enables early intervention against this serious form of skin cancer.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.