Introduction to the Illinois Jumping Spider
The Illinois jumping spider (Phidippus illinoensis) is a fascinating yet little known species of spider found across the state of Illinois and into neighboring states. These small spiders are typically gray, black or brown in color and get their name from their incredible jumping abilities, using their strong back legs to leap up to 40 times their body length to catch prey or evade predators.
Appearance and Size of the Illinois Jumping Spider
The Illinois jumping spider is a moderately sized spider, with adults growing up to approximately 12-15 mm (half an inch) in body length. Their most distinguishing feature is their large front facing eyes, which give them excellent eyesight to hunt during the day. They also have four smaller pairs of eyes which detect motion and aid in navigation.
These spiders can exhibit quite a bit of color variation but are generally shades of gray, brown, black, and even occasional white spotted patterns on their body and legs. Their body shape is compact but nimble, with thick front legs and thinner back pairs of legs which allow them to leap incredible distances.
Behaviors and Habits
The Illinois jumping spider does not build webs to catch prey like many other spider species. Instead, they actively hunt during the daylight hours, using stealth and speed to capture their food. They live primarily on the ground among rocks, thick vegetation, or along walls and fences.
They have excellent vision and can spot prey from up to 18 inches away. Once spotted, they stalk up closer then pounce in a quick leap, often far exceeding the length of their own body. Their preferred food is generally other insects and spiders but they will occasionally eat plant nectar as well when available.
Reproduction and Life Cycle
Mating typically takes place in spring or early summer in Illinois. The male will perform an elaborate courtship dance to entice the female, waving his front legs and vibrating his abdomen. After mating, the female constructs an oval egg sac of silk, laying approximately 30-50 eggs inside.
She attaches this egg sac securely to a surface and stands guard over it until the spiderlings emerge. The young spiders go through several molts as they grow, shedding their external skeleton periodically to allow for growth. Sexual maturity is reach by late summer, completing their short one year life cycle.
Are Illinois Jumping Spiders Dangerous?
While Illinois jumping spiders do have venom like most spiders, they pose very little risk to humans. Their fangs and venom are not potent enough to cause anything more than temporary redness and mild pain if you were bitten. No hospitalization or serious effects have been reported.
These spiders are also not aggressive towards humans and will only bite if severely threatened or provoked. Their small size means they cannot deliver much venom anyway and their bites are very uncommon. An Illinois jumping spider is more likely to leap away or drop to the ground on a strand of silk if disturbed.
Pest Control and Bites
Illinois jumping spiders prey on many household pests so they are generally considered beneficial spiders to have around your home's exterior. Their jumping skills and non-web building behavior also means they rarely wander indoors.
If one does find its way inside, gently capture it in a jar and release it outside. Vacuuming works as well for disposal and general pest control sprays are also effective if populations around your home become too high.
While jumping spider bites are very unlikely, any bite should be cleaned and monitored for signs of infection. Topical anti-septics can be applied and over-the-counter pain medication used. Seek medical care if symptoms do not improve within a few days.
Fun Facts About the Illinois Jumping Spider
- Jumping spiders have excellent vision and can see colors unlike most other spider species.
- They are very curious and will often closely watch nearby motions and activities.
- Illinois jumping spiders engage in complex mating dances before breeding.
- They care for their young after hatching rather than abandoning their egg sacs.
Keep an Eye Out for These Tiny Jumpers!
While most people have an inherent fear or dislike of spiders, the Illinois jumping spider is a species that may just charm you with its inquisitive nature and almost cute appearance. Keep an eye out for them patrolling fences, walls and vegetation during the warmer months ahead!
FAQs
How big do Illinois jumping spiders get?
Illinois jumping spiders are fairly small, reaching about 12-15 mm (around half an inch) in body length as adults.
Are Illinois jumping spiders aggressive?
No, Illinois jumping spiders are not aggressive toward people. They may bite if severely threatened, but will usually just leap away when disturbed.
What do Illinois jumping spiders eat?
Illinois jumping spiders prey primarily on other small insects and spiders. They use their excellent eyesight and jumping ability to ambush their prey during daylight hours.
Where are Illinois jumping spiders found?
As their name suggests, these spiders are found throughout the state of Illinois and in some neighboring states as well. They like to inhabit rocks, vegetation, fences, and walls close to the ground.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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