An Introduction to German Shepherds
German Shepherds are a popular dog breed that make loyal and intelligent companions. Their imposing stature and protective nature often lead potential owners to wonder, "should I get a German Shepherd?" Before making this big decision, it is important to understand the unique traits, care requirements, and potential health issues of the breed.
The History and Origins of German Shepherds
German Shepherds originated as herding dogs in Germany in the late 1800s. A German cavalry officer named Captain Max von Stephanitz was impressed by the intelligence and obedience of a dog named Hektor. Von Stephanitz began a focused breeding program to create an ideal working dog breed, first named the Alsatian Wolf-Dog and eventually renamed the German Shepherd.
The breed increased rapidly in popularity thanks to their use by the German army in World War I. Their intelligence and trainability soon led to roles like police and war dogs, guide dogs for the blind, search and rescue dogs, and loyal family pets.
The Appearance and Personality of German Shepherds
German Shepherds are large dogs, weighing 60-90 pounds on average. They have muscular bodies, pointed ears, and a bushy tail. Their double coat sheds heavily but protects them from weather and adds to their imposing appearance. Coat colors include tan and black or red and black.
These dogs bond closely to one or two family members. They are protective of their human "pack" and property. With proper socialization and training, German Shepherds exhibit fierce loyalty and make steadfast companions.
Common Health Issues in German Shepherds
Like all purebred dogs, German Shepherds are prone to some hereditary health problems. Responsible breeders perform health tests and screen out dogs with issues. Health concerns to be aware of when considering this breed include:
- Hip and Elbow Dysplasia - lameness and arthritis in joints
- Eye problems - cataracts, retinal atrophy, keratitis
- Bloat - life-threatening stomach condition
- Allergies - to food, pollen, or the environment
- Perianal fistulas - chronic infections near tail
Should I Get a German Shepherd? Questions to Ask
German Shepherds can make wonderful companions for an active home, but their needs differ from many other breeds. Before deciding if this is the right pet for you, consider the following:
Is Your Lifestyle Compatible With a German Shepherd?
German Shepherds have high exercise requirements. They need 30-60 minutes of vigorous activity per day along with opportunities to run safely off leash in a fenced area. If you lead an active life and can incorporate a GSD into outdoor activities like hiking, you'll have a healthier and happier dog.
Their protective natures also require investment in proper training and socialization from an early age. Timid or undersocialized GSDs can become reactive or aggressive towards strangers or in unfamiliar situations. Committing to puppy kindergarten and obedience classes is a must with this intelligent, strong-willed breed.
Can You Handle the Grooming Needs?
That glorious double coat of a German Shepherd requires frequent brushing and is notorious for shedding. You'll need to brush them 1-2 times per week to control loose hair. Bathe only when necessary to prevent drying their skin.
As with all floppy-eared breeds, GSDs are prone to ear infections as trapped moisture and allergens can cause yeast or bacterial buildup. Check and gently wipe out their ears weekly.
Nail trimming, dental care, and parasite prevention also need to be maintained on a routine basis.
Are You Prepared for Health Issues?
While buying from health-tested parents goes a long way, German Shepherds remain at risk for several genetic conditions. Hip and elbow dysplasia can cost thousands to treat surgically.
Other issues like bloat, allergies, or skin infections may crop up unpredictably. Pet health insurance can offset some of these costs, but you'll still need savings for emergencies or to manage chronic conditions if they arise.
Signs the German Shepherd Temperament is Right for You
Even if you can provide everything needed on paper - enough exercise, training, grooming and medical care - not every household is a good culture fit for this breed. You should meet both puppies and adult German Shepherds before adopting one to ensure you connect well.
Look for Signs of a Solid Nerve Base
Stable GSDs have a solid nerve base - they are self-assured and tolerant of everyday stimuli like sounds or handling. Puppies with weaker nerves may startle easily, seem shy or reactive, or withdraw when overwhelmed instead of looking to their handler for reassurance.
Observe Intelligence and Trainability
German Shepherds relish new challenges that stimulate their minds. Even young puppies will show curiosity and problem-solving ability with puzzles or games. They remain focused on their person during training exercises instead of being easily distracted.
See Protective Instincts Versus Aggression
GSDs make natural watchdogs and their suspicion of strangers keeps their people safe. Puppies may initially seem standoffish with new people but should relax once you demonstrate acceptance. Appropriate protectiveness differs greatly from unwarranted outright aggression in any situation.
Ensure Compatible Energy Levels
Puppies under a year old have bountiful energy reserves! Even adult GSDs retain a higher drive to work, play, and be active at their owner's side. Make sure you appreciate and can sustain their exuberance.
Questions to Ask Breeders Before Getting a German Shepherd
Once you decide this is the right breed for you, take time to seek out responsible breeders. Never support irresponsible backyard breeding or puppy mills just to obtain a GSD puppy quickly or cheaply. Ask any potential breeder:
- What health and genetic tests were performed on the parents?
- Can I meet one or both parents?
- How are puppies raised and socialized?
- Will you provide references from past clients?
- Do you belong to the German Shepherd Dog Club and abide by their Code of Ethics?
- What is the pedigree background beyond parents/grandparents?
- What ongoing support do you offer new owners?
Reputable breeders will welcome such questions - someone unwilling to discuss health histories or pedigree information is best avoided. Use enrollment in breed clubs and registries like the American Kennel Club to screen for merit.
Preparing Your Home is the Final Step
Let thebreeder or rescue group know if you have other dogs, kids,cats or frequent visitors. This allows them to match you properly and advise on any introductions needed. Before puppy proofing, brush up on all the essential supplies you will require for raising and training a GSD throughout its life stages.
Once their needs are met, a German Shepherd will repay your dedication exponentially with unwavering companionship and protection. Their intelligence also makes them satisfying to train and form close bonds with over time. While not the easiest breed, a well-bred, properly socialized German Shepherd who matches your lifestyle can make for a delightful addition to almost any household.
FAQs
How much exercise does a German Shepherd need?
German Shepherds have high exercise needs, requiring 30-60 minutes of vigorous activity daily, such as running, hiking, playing fetch, or structured canine sports. They also need access to a safely fenced area for off-leash activity. Without enough exercise, they may become bored and destructive.
Are German Shepherds good family dogs?
Yes, with proper socialization and training, German Shepherds can be excellent family companions. However, their protective nature makes supervision important when interacting with small children or strangers. Teaching kids how to properly handle and play with a GSD is crucial.
How much grooming do German Shepherds need?
The thick double coat of a German Shepherd needs brushing 1-2 times per week to control heavy shedding. Occasional bathing, nail trimming, dental care, and ear cleaning are also advised. Their risk of ear infections means checking ears weekly.
What health issues are common in the breed?
Hip and elbow dysplasia, eye disease, bloat, allergies, and skin problems are among the most common health issues facing German Shepherds. Buying from health-tested parents and maintaining preventative care can help minimize these risks over a GSD's lifetime.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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