What Causes Cysts to Form on Stretch Marks and How to Treat Them

What Causes Cysts to Develop on Stretch Marks?

It is possible for small cysts to form on top of stretch marks. These cysts are typically epidermoid cysts, which originate from skin cells rather than sebaceous glands. Epidermoid cysts on stretch marks are harmless but can become irritated or infected if left untreated.

What Are Epidermoid Cysts?

Epidermoid cysts, often called sebaceous cysts, are noncancerous bumps that develop under the skin. They form when skin cells move deeper into the skin and multiply rather than sloughing off. The collected cluster of cells forms a cyst capsule filled with fluid or semi-solid material.

Epidermoid cysts range in size from a few millimeters to several centimeters. They are slow growing and often painless. The cysts feel smooth and firm. They can occur anywhere on the body but are most common on the face, neck, trunk and genitals.

Causes of Epidermoid Cysts on Stretch Marks

Several factors can lead to epidermoid cysts developing specifically on top of stretch marks, including:

• Puberty - Hormonal changes of puberty promote increased sebum production, which contributes to cyst formation.
• Pregnancy - Pregnancy hormones also ramp up skin oil production and cell turnover.
• Weight changes - Losing or gaining significant weight quickly, as well as weight cycling, leads to stretch marks.
• Bodybuilding - Some bodybuilders develop stretch marks and are prone to clogged pores and skin cysts due to hormone treatments.
• Genetics - There appears to be a genetic component that predisposes some people to developing epidermoid cysts more readily.

The friction and skin irritation of stretch marks coupled with increased sebum production provides an ideal environment for cysts to arise.

Signs and Symptoms of Cysts on Stretch Marks

Epidermoid cysts on stretch marks typically share the same signs and symptoms as epidermoid cysts elsewhere on the body. These include:

• Small, round bump under the skin, usually less than 5 cm
• Smooth, somewhat firm or rubbery texture
• Slow growing over weeks or months
• Sometimes able to move the cyst freely under the skin
• Often pale or white but can be skin tone or pink
• Usually painless unless ruptured or infected

Cysts on stretch marks may become red, inflamed and tender if irritated. Friction from clothing and pressure can cause the cyst wall to weaken and rupture. A ruptured cyst often releases a foul-smelling, cheese-like substance.

When to See a Doctor

Schedule an appointment with your doctor if you notice a cyst that:

• Is rapidly growing
• Is larger than 5 cm
• Looks inflamed or is painful
• Feels hard, firm or immobile
• Is red, warm and tender (signs of infection)
• Ruptures or oozes fluid
• Causes distress or cosmetic concerns

While most epidermoid cysts are harmless, it's important to have new lumps and bumps examined. Rarely, they may indicate a more serious condition like a tumor. Prompt evaluation can provide peace of mind.

Diagnosing Cysts on Stretch Marks

To diagnose epidermoid cysts on stretch marks, the doctor will begin by reviewing your health history and performing a physical exam. They will closely inspect and palpate the cyst.

In uncomplicated cases, an experienced dermatologist can confirm an epidermoid cyst based on appearance alone. But tests may be ordered to rule out other conditions, including:

• Imaging scans - Ultrasound, CT scan or MRI to evaluate the interior of the cyst and surrounding tissue.
• Lab tests - Blood work to check for indicators of infection or illness.
• Biopsy - Removing some cyst tissue for microscopic examination.
• Culture - Testing cyst fluid to identify any infectious organisms.

Once the doctor has determined it is an epidermoid cyst, treatment options can be discussed.

Treating Cysts on Stretch Marks

Several treatment options exist for removing epidermoid cysts on stretch marks. The appropriate approach depends on factors like cyst size, symptoms, and personal preference.

Watchful Waiting

If the cyst is small, not bothersome and shows no concerning features, the doctor may recommend just monitoring it for changes. Some cysts resolve on their own over time.

Drainage

A quick office procedure can drain the fluid from the cyst using a small needle. However, the outer capsule usually remains, allowing the cyst to refill. Drainage provides temporary relief of symptoms but not a permanent solution.

Injections

Corticosteroid injections into the cyst may ease inflammation and discomfort. An injection of medicine like Xiaflex can help break down the interior contents so the cyst is less likely to return after drainage.

Incision and Drainage

This minor surgery opens and drains the cyst contents by making a small cut. Sometimes this is enough to remove the entire cyst capsule. But often the outer walls remain and require additional treatment.

Excision

Surgical cyst removal or excision extracts the intact cyst via an incision. This ensures the entire cyst is excised and cannot reappear. It is the treatment most likely to prevent recurrence.

Laser Removal

A beam of laser light can vaporize the cyst. Laser treatment usually does not even require anesthesia. It leaves very little scarring but has a higher recurrence risk than excision.

Caring for Cysts on Stretch Marks at Home

While waiting for a cyst on a stretch mark to resolve or receiving treatment, proper home care can prevent complications like infection.

• Avoid picking at or popping the cyst, which could lead to rupture and scarring.
• Cleanse the area daily with a mild, fragrance-free soap and warm water.
• Use a warm, wet compress on swollen or painful cysts to help reduce inflammation.
• Cover irritated cysts with a light gauze bandage.
• Wear loose, breathable clothing to prevent friction on the cyst.
• Apply an antibiotic ointment if the cyst shows signs of infection like pus.
• Refrain from trying to drain, remove or destroy cysts at home.

See your doctor promptly if you notice increasing pain, swelling, redness, or discharge as the cyst could require medical treatment.

Preventing Cysts on Stretch Marks

While epidermoid cysts sometimes develop spontaneously, there are measures you can take to potentially lower your risk:

• Moisturize daily to nourish skin and help minimize stretch marks.
• Avoid rapid weight fluctuations.
• Wear tight clothing during exercise to reduce friction on stretch marks.
• Carefully shave over stretch marks to prevent irritation and ingrown hairs.
• Shower after heavy workouts to wash away sweat and bacteria.
• Consider laser treatments to reduce the appearance of stretch marks.

Preventing stretch marks in the first place also lowers the chances of developing related cysts. Maintaining a consistent weight, eating a healthy diet, staying hydrated, and possibly using creams during puberty or pregnancy may help inhibit stretch mark formation.

Outlook for Cysts on Stretch Marks

Small epidermoid cysts on top of stretch marks are usually harmless. With proper treatment, most resolve without complication. Even when the cysts return after drainage or other short-term treatments, they can usually be managed.

Occasionally, cysts on stretch marks may enlarge, rupture, or become infected, requiring medical care. Rarely, they could indicate a more severe underlying condition.

Overall, appropriate treatment combined with careful skin care and prevention helps manage cysts arising on stretch marks.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.