Understanding Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an overgrowth of bacteria. When the delicate bacterial balance in the vagina gets disrupted, an overgrowth of certain bacteria like Gardnerella vaginalis occurs. This leads to vaginal odor, discharge, itching and other discomforts. BV is not considered a sexually transmitted infection, yet sexual activity is a risk factor.
Symptoms of BV
Some of the most common symptoms of BV include:
- Thin, gray, white or green vaginal discharge
- Fishy smell from the vagina, more noticeable after sex
- Itching or burning sensation around the vagina
- Slight redness and swelling of the vagina or vulva
What Causes BV?
While the exact cause is unknown, risk factors for developing bacterial vaginosis include:
- Having a new sex partner or multiple partners
- Douching
- Using an intrauterine device (IUD)
- Frequent antibiotic use
Treating BV With Over-the-Counter Products
For mild cases, over-the-counter products may be effective at managing symptoms and clearing up infection. Some options include:
Boric Acid Suppositories
Boric acid has antifungal and antiviral properties that may kill off excess vaginal bacteria. It's available as vaginal suppositories and should be inserted once or twice daily for up to 2 weeks.
Probiotics
Oral probiotic supplements can help restore healthy bacteria levels in the body and vagina. Look for probiotics containing strains like Lactobacillus to promote vaginal health.
Apple Cider Vinegar
Diluted apple cider vinegar has antiseptic properties that may kill bacteria and balance vaginal pH levels. Mix 2 tablespoons apple cider vinegar per 1 cup warm water and douche using the solution 1-2 times per day.
Tea Tree Oil
Have antifungal and antibacterial effects. Mix a few drops into a carrier oil like coconut oil and apply directly to external vaginal tissue or add to a bath.
Garlic
Contains allicin and other compounds that have been shown to inhibit bacterial growth. Eat 1-2 raw garlic cloves on an empty stomach daily or take an odorless garlic supplement.
When to Seek Medical Care
See your doctor if over-the-counter treatments don't relieve symptoms within a week. Pregnant women or those with recurrent BV infections should also see their doctor. Antibiotics, usually metronidazole or clindamycin, will be prescribed to clear bacteria from the vagina and restore healthy bacteria levels.
Prescription Antibiotic Options
Prescription antibiotic medications commonly used to treat bacterial vaginosis include:
- Metronidazole - metronidazole tablets are taken orally or a gel is applied inside the vagina for about 5 days.
- Clindamycin - comes as a cream applied intravaginally for 3 to 7 nights or as oral capsules taken daily for about a week.
- Tinidazole - given orally as tablets taken once daily for 2-5 days.
- Secnidazole - taken as a single 2g oral dose that provides one-day BV treatment.
Other Treatment Considerations
In addition to antibiotic treatment, your doctor may recommend:
- Avoiding triggers like irritating soaps and douching
- Not having sex until infection clears to avoid spreading bacteria
- Retesting 4 weeks after treatment to confirm BV has resolved
- Partner treatment if symptoms persist
Preventing Recurrent BV Infections
Even after successful treatment, some women experience repeated BV infections. To help prevent recurrences:
Take Probiotic Supplements
Take an oral probiotic supplement containing Lactobacillus species daily to maintain normal vaginal microbiome.
Consider Maintenance Antibiotic Therapy
If BV recurs frequently a prolonged, low-dose antibiotic regimen may be prescribed to suppress overgrowth of harmful bacteria.
Practice Vaginal Hygiene
After using the bathroom, always wipe from front to back to avoid spreading bacteria from GI tract to vagina. Avoid scented feminine products and douches which disturb healthy bacteria.
Choose Contraception Carefully
Some birth control methods like IUDs increase BV recurrence risk. Discuss pros and cons of different contraceptives with your healthcare provider.
Making healthy lifestyle choices and using medication as directed can help treat acute BV infection and prevent repeat episodes of this common vaginal condition.
FAQs
What over-the-counter products can be used to treat bacterial vaginosis?
Some over-the-counter options that may help treat mild BV include boric acid vaginal suppositories, oral probiotic supplements, diluted apple cider vinegar douches, tea tree essential oil, and garlic capsules or raw garlic.
When should you see a doctor for bacterial vaginosis?
See your doctor if over-the-counter remedies don't relieve symptoms within 1 week. Also contact your doctor if you are pregnant or experience recurrent BV infections so more aggressive antibiotic treatment can be prescribed.
How long does it take for bacterial vaginosis to go away?
With over-the-counter methods, BV symptoms may start improving within a few days but can take 7-14 days to fully clear. With oral or topical antibiotic treatment from a doctor, symptoms usually resolve within 1-2 weeks.
What helps prevent bacterial vaginosis from recurring?
To help prevent repeat BV infections, take daily probiotic supplements, consider maintenance antibiotic therapy if BV is frequent, practice proper vaginal hygiene, and choose birth control methods that don't increase BV risk.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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