A Guide to Venomous Black Spiders of Iowa

Overview of Black Spiders Found in Iowa

Iowa is home to a diverse variety of spider species, few of which pose any danger to humans. One species that does receive more cautionary attention is the black spider. While the majority of black spiders inhabiting Iowa are harmless, there are two potentially venomous species residents should be aware of - the northern black widow and the brown recluse.

Northern Black Widow Spiders

The northern black widow spider is one of two venomous spider species in Iowa with coloring dark enough to be described as black. Northern black widows have a distinct red hourglass marking on their underside and grow to around 1.5 inches body size on average. They construct messy, tangled webs, often found in undisturbed spaces like wood or brush piles, hollow stumps, and corners of sheds or garages. The neurotoxic venom of a northern black widow bite can cause severe muscle pain and spasms, however, most adults recover within a few days with medical treatment.

Identifying Northern Black Widows

Key signs identifying northern black widows in Iowa include:

Shiny black body and legs
Thick red hourglass shape underneath
Small body size reaching 1.5 inches
Messy, dense web structures in dark undisturbed places

Brown Recluse Spiders

The other potentially dangerous black spider sometimes found in Iowa is the brown recluse. Despite its name, the coloring can range from tan to dark brown. A key identifier is the dark brown violin shape on its back behind the eyes. Brown recluse spiders build irregular webs in garages, sheds, woodpiles, and other dry, secluded locations. The hemotoxic venom can induce severe blistering, ulceration, and tissue death at the bite site. Prompt medical care is vital.

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Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.