Deciphering Benign Lipomas vs Cysts: Symptoms, Differences and Treatment

Getting to Know Lipomas

A lipoma is a benign fatty lump that forms between the skin and muscle layers, typically appearing on the torso, neck, shoulders and back. They grow gradually and often go unnoticed for years until they become large enough to manipulate with your fingers or see visibly protruding under the skin.

Who Gets Lipomas?

Around 1 in 1,000 Americans develop these common skin lumps. They tend to occur most frequently among:

• People ages 40-60
• Overweight or obese individuals
• Those with an inherited syndrome called familial multiple lipomatosis

What Causes Lipomas?

Doctors don't know the precise cause of lipomas, but contributing factors may include:

• Genetics/family history of lipomas
• Obesity/significant weight gain
• Injury to soft fatty tissues under the skin
• Dysfunction of the body's fat regulation

Common Symptoms

In most cases lipomas are asymptomatic, meaning they don't cause any bothersome symptoms. Typical characteristics include:

• Doughy, rubbery bulge under the skin, mobile when pushed
• Soft to firm to touch
• Roll easily between fingers, not fixed in place
• Generally small, under 3 cm diameter
• Smooth, rounded borders
• Painless

Getting to Know Cysts

Cysts can form on or under the skin in areas like the face, trunk, neck, shoulders and extremities. A cyst forms around an enclosed sac of fluid, air, or semi-solid material. They develop when skin cells begin multiplying rapidly in a closed pocket due to inflammation, infection, trauma or blocked gland openings.

Who Gets Cysts?

Cysts are very common and can occur in people of all ages, genders and races. However, certain types appear more prevalent among particular groups, like:

• Sebaceous cysts in adults ages 18-50
• Ganglion cysts in people 30-60 years old
• Baker's cysts frequently develop behind the knee

What Causes Cysts?

Contributing factors leading to common benign cysts include:

• Plugged pores, hair follicles or sweat/oil glands in the skin
• Prior injury damaging blood vessels, skin tissue or joints
• Chronic joint inflammation (e.g. arthritis)
• Weaknesses in joint capsules
• A buildup of cells due to low grade infections
• Genetics can play a role in some cyst types

Common Symptoms

Cysts can cause a range of symptoms depending on type, location and size. Most display some of the following characteristics:

• Circumscribed, firm bump under or on skin surface
• Smooth, round borders
• Rubbery, doughy or fluid-filled mass
• Mild discomfort, aching or swelling
• Restricted mobility if pressing on tendons/joints
• Changes in appearance over days/weeks

Key Differences Between Lipomas vs Cysts

Despite some overlapping qualities, critical distinguishing features can set lipomas and cysts apart. Paying attention to details helps identify the lump.

Composition

A lipoma consists of benign fatty tissue whereas a cyst is a fluid/tissue-filled sac with a distinct membrane.

Cause

The exact reasons lipomas emerge remains unclear compared to cysts that arise due to inflammation, infections, blockages or tissue injury.

Rate of Growth

Lipomas enlarge gradually over years. Cysts often flare up more rapidly within days/weeks although some may grow slowly too.

Location

Lipomas favor torso, neck, upper back and shoulders. Cysts can develop all over but certain types targetspecific body parts.

Sensation

Lipomas tend to move freely under skin and generally remain painless. Cysts may feel more tethered in place and cause mild pain/swelling.

Consistency

Pressing lipomas feels like manipulating dough or rubbery playdough. Cyst texture can vary from fluid-filled to more solid.

When to Seek Evaluation for Skin Lumps

In most cases, innocuous lipomas and cysts require no treatment beyond cosmetic removal if appearance bothers you. However dermatologists recommend seeking medical advice when skin lumps exhibit any of the following traits:

• Significant increase in size or rate of growth
• Changes color or texture
• Bleeds easily
• Causes localized pain/discomfort
• Restricts movement if near joints
• Appears after age 60

Skin cancers like sarcomas, another benign but fast growing lump called liposarcoma, and some benign growths can mimic early signs of lipomas or cysts before transforming. Playing it safe with proper identification can prevent bigger issues down the road.

When Surgery May Become Necessary

Doctors reserve treatment for symptomatic cysts and lipomas causing impairment or worrisome features. Removal is also commonly requested for cosmetic reasons. There are two main treatment options if skin lumps require intervention:

Steroid Injections

Direct steroid injections into cysts or lipomas can reduce inflammation and shrink smaller growths. Results may only provide temporary improvement though before further treatment becomes necessary.

Surgical Removal

Extracting cysts requires draining fluid contents then removing the entire cyst lining so it doesn't refill. Lipomas are shelled out, attempting to remove all cells to discourage regrowth.

Takeaway Points

Don't panic if you notice new dome-shaped lumps beneath your skin as you age. Lipomas and cysts rank among the most frequently occurring benign skin lesions. Still, it's wise to point out any bothersome or fast-changing growths on regular skin checks to either confirm or rule out malignancy just in case. Pay attention for any bothersome symptoms, appearance changes or growth acceleration as well these warrant further examination to protect your health and peace of mind.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.