Understanding Ammonia-Scented Sweat
Having sweat that smells like ammonia can be concerning. But what causes this foul body odor, and is it a sign of any serious health issues?
Ammonia odor happens when bacteria on the skin break down sweat into ammonia. Having ammonia-scented sweat occasionally after an intense workout is usually harmless. But when it becomes chronic, it may point to some underlying conditions to get checked out.
What Causes Sweat to Smell Like Ammonia?
Sweat itself has no smell. The ammonia odor comes from bacteria on your skin metabolizing components in the sweat, most notably protein and urea.
Skin bacteria contains enzymes called microbial amidases that break down sweat into ammonia and acidic byproducts that give it a vinegary smell.
This bacteria-driven process is stronger in areas with lots of apocrine sweat glands like the armpits, scalp, and groin. These glands produce sweat rich in proteins and lipids for the bacteria to feed on.
Risk Factors for Ammonia Sweat Odor
Some factors that can make ammonia-scented sweat more likely include:
- Genetics - some people simply have more active odor-causing skin bacteria
- Diet high in protein or amino acids
- Being overweight or obese
- Stress and anxiety
- Dehydration - concentrated sweat worsens odor
- Hot, humid weather - makes you sweat more
- Long workout sessions
- Poor hygiene
When Ammonia Sweat May Indicate Health Issues
Having sweat smell like ammonia once in a while after exercise or in hot weather is not necessarily a problem. But if it becomes an ongoing issue, get checked by your doctor, as it could suggest:
Kidney or Liver Problems
The kidneys and liver help filter waste products like urea from the blood. If they are not working well, urea can build up and exit through sweat, increasing its protein content and ammonia smell.
Signs of possible kidney issues include:
- Fatigue and weakness
- Itching
- Metallic taste in mouth
- Nausea or vomiting
- Swelling in hands and feet
- Puffy eyes, especially in the morning
- Urinating more or less frequently
Liver disease symptoms can include:
- Jaundice - yellowing eyes and skin
- Swollen abdomen and ankles
- Itchy skin
- Dark urine
- Nausea and appetite loss
Diabetes
Uncontrolled diabetes allows more glucose into sweat, serving as an additional nutrient source for odor-causing bacteria. Symptoms of diabetes include:
- Frequent urination and thirst
- Blurry vision
- Slow wound healing
- Tingling hands and feet
- Unexplained weight loss
Hyperhidrosis
People with excessive sweating (hyperhidrosis) tend to have more issues with body odor, including an ammonia scent. Areas like the underarms, hands, feet and groin are most affected.
Poor Hygiene
Failing to regularly wash using antibacterial soap can allow odor-causing bacteria to proliferate. Be sure to use deodorant/antiperspirant as well.
Let your doctor know if you have ongoing
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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