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Understanding High Testosterone in Men

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for promoting masculinity. While normal levels support men's health, high amounts can cause adverse effects. Learning about the causes, symptoms, risks, and treatments for high testosterone can help manage this hormonal imbalance.

Testosterone and the Endocrine System

The endocrine system regulates testosterone production through the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and testes:

• The hypothalamus instructs the pituitary gland to release hormones.
• The pituitary gland then signals the testes to produce testosterone.
• The testes synthesize and secrete testosterone into the bloodstream.

This careful balance keeps testosterone levels where they need to be. When something disrupts the signals, excess testosterone can occur.

Normal Testosterone Ranges

Normal total testosterone levels in adult males are generally 300-1,000 ng/dL. Free testosterone should optimally be over 15 pg/mL.

Levels peak during the 20s and gradually decline with age. Compare your results to the normal range for your age bracket.

Causes of High Testosterone

Reasons testosterone can become elevated above normal include:

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

A genetic disorder causing the adrenal glands to produce excess androgens like testosterone, especially in childhood.

Pituitary Tumors

Tumors on the pituitary gland can drive overproduction of testosterone.

Testicular Tumors

Cancer or tumors on the testes may secrete extra testosterone autonomously.

Hypothyroidism

Underactive thyroid function alters hormone balance, potentially increasing testosterone.

Use of Steroids

Anabolic steroids used by athletes/bodybuilders boost testosterone to unnatural levels.

Stress

Physical or emotional stress raises cortisol which can increase testosterone temporarily.

Obesity

Excess fatty tissue converts precursor hormones into testosterone.

Resistance Training

Intense weight lifting stimulates testosterone production short term.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms that may indicate high testosterone include:

• Increased muscle mass and strength
• Hair loss or balding
• Acne breakouts
• Low sperm count
• Enlarged prostate
• Aggressive or combative behavior
• Heightened libido
• Erectile dysfunction

The symptoms vary based on age and health factors. Young boys with excess testosterone may experience early puberty or aggressive behavior. Older men are more likely to notice sexual effects or prostate changes.

Dangers and Health Risks

If left untreated, chronically high testosterone can negatively impact men's health in the following ways:

Cardiovascular Problems

The excess hormone thickens blood, increasing the risk for heart attack, stroke, and high blood pressure.

Testicular Atrophy

Excess testosterone signals the testes they do not need to produce more, causing testicle shrinkage.

Male Pattern Baldness

High sensitivity to testosterone on the scalp follicles leads to accelerated hair loss for those genetically prone.

Enlarged Prostate

Extra testosterone stimulates prostate cell multiplication, potentially resulting in enlargement or cancer.

Acne and Skin Problems

Overactive sebaceous glands caused by testosterone overload exacerbate acne on the face, back, and chest.

Mood Disturbances

Aggression, anxiety, depression, and irritability are possible with high testosterone mood effects.

Sleep Apnea

The hormone enlargement of throat muscles obstructs breathing during sleep, leading to apnea.

Gynecomastia

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.