Understanding and Treating Heel to Knee Pain

Understanding Heel to Knee Pain

Pain that radiates from the heel up through the knee can have many different causes. This type of pain often starts in the foot, especially around the heel area, but can spread up the leg over time when left untreated. Getting an accurate diagnosis is key to finding the right treatment plan for resolving heel to knee pain.

What Causes Heel Pain That Spreads to the Knee?

One of the most common causes of heel pain that travels up the leg is a condition called plantar fasciitis. This refers to inflammation of the plantar fascia, a thick band of tissue that runs along the bottom of the foot from the heel bone to the toes. When this tissue becomes irritated, it can trigger sharp pain in the heel that then radiates up the leg.

Some other things that can contribute to heel and knee pain include:

• Achilles tendonitis
• Arthritis in the foot or ankle
• Tarsal tunnel syndrome
• Bone spurs
• Tight calf muscles
• Nerve damage or compression

Plantar Fasciitis Symptoms

Plantar fasciitis leads to very distinct types of heel pain that spread upward. Some key symptoms include:

• Sharp heel pain when getting out of bed in the morning
• Stabbing pain upon standing after sitting for awhile
• Pain that worsens with more walking or activity
• Tightness and tension in the arch and heel
• Swelling around the heel
• Tenderness when pressure is applied

As the plantar fascia becomes more irritated over time, the pain may start to travel up the ankle and into the achilles tendon. In severe cases, people can even develop knee pain from plantar fasciitis due to linked muscle chains pulling on the knee when the foot hurts.

Getting a Diagnosis

Getting an accurate diagnosis is crucial when dealing with any type of foot, heel, arch or knee pain. Seeing a podiatrist is often the first step. The podiatrist will assess symptoms, examine the foot and leg, and may order imaging tests like x-rays or an MRI to look deeper at the underlying tissues and structures.

Evaluating All Potential Causes

Besides plantar fasciitis, a doctor will also consider and evaluate these other common sources of heel pain that spreads upward:

• Arthritis - Joint inflammation can occur down in the small joints of the foot and ankle, causing pain that radiates upward as it spreads.
• Achilles tendonitis - The achilles tendon runs down the back of the ankle, and strain or injury here can cause pain.
• Bone spurs - These small outgrowths put pressure on tissues and nerves, leading to pain.
• Nerve issues - Compression, damage or inflammation of nerves can cause burning, tingling pain.

Determining the exact structures impacted enables customized treatment planning.

Testing Movement and Joint Function

Podiatrists have many specialized tools and tests they use to evaluate foot and lower limb function. This includes assessment of:

• Range of motion
• Muscle strength
• Tightness
• Swelling
• Gait function

Observing how you walk and move can provide many clues as to the underlying cause of heel and knee pain as well. Sometimes imaging scans may be ordered too if needed.

Treatment Options for Heel & Knee Pain

Treatment plans for pain radiating from the heel up through the knee will depend on the underlying condition causing it. Some options may include:

Rest & Ice

Taking pressure off the feet is important to allow plantar fascia tissue to heal. Also icing the areas that hurt can provide anti-inflammatory effects to accelerate healing. Using an ice pack wrapped in a towel for 10-15 minutes a few times per day may help reduce pain.

Medications & Injections

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like ibuprofen or naproxen can ease foot and knee pain. Injections like corticosteroids can also reduce inflammation. Special nerve block injections may be given if nerve pain is involved as well.

Stretching & Strengthening Exercises

Specific foot and lower leg stretches and exercises can gently rehabilitate tissues contributing to pain. These help strengthen muscles, improve flexibility, restore range of motion, and unwind muscle chains pulling on the knees.

Supportive Footwear & Orthotics

Supportive athletic shoes with cushioning, custom orthotic shoe inserts, heel cups, or foot pads reduce pressure and strain on tender areas. Maintaining foot support and alignment is key.

Alternative Therapies

Massage, accupuncture and physical therapy help many people resolve persistent heel and knee pain. Treatments target discomfort in the plantar fascia, calf, achilles and other areas causing issues.

Preventing Flare Ups & Reinjury

Relapses of heel pain are very common, so taking preventative measures is essential. Some tips for prevention include:

• Wear supportive shoes
• Calf & foot stretches
• Use orthotics
• Lose excess weight
• Modifying activities
• Regular massages

With customized and progressive treatment, most cases of plantar fasciitis and other forms of lower limb pain can be managed successfully. Getting evaluated promptly can help avoid long term issues. Recovery may take 6-12 months without proper care.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.