A Guide to Venomous Spiders Found in New Hampshire
New Hampshire is home to a variety of spider species, the majority of which are harmless to humans. However, the state does have two types of spiders with medically significant venom that can cause injury through their bites: the northern black widow and the brown recluse.
Northern Black Widow Spiders in NH
The northern black widow spider (Latrodectus variolus) is found throughout New Hampshire. Females have a distinctive red hourglass shape on the underside of their shiny black bodies. They build messy, tangled webs in sheltered spots like woodpiles, sheds, and undersides of decks.
The neurotoxic venom of a black widow bite affects the nervous system. While rare, bites can cause muscle spasms, abdominal pain, and breathing difficulties. Get medical attention if bitten.
Brown Recluse Spiders in New Hampshire
The brown recluse spider (Loxosceles reclusa) is uncommon in NH but has been found in limited areas of the state. These spiders have a violin-shaped pattern on their heads and six equal-sized eyes. They inhabit sheds, woodpiles, and undisturbed storage areas.
A brown recluse bite causes mild initial stinging. Over several hours, localized tissue damage emerges with considerable pain, itching, blistering, and ulceration. Seek prompt medical care if bitten.
Signs of Bites from Dangerous Spiders
Look for these symptoms if bitten by a northern black widow or brown recluse spider in New Hampshire:
- Intense stinging or sharp pinprick pain
- Double fang marks at the bite site
- Localized redness, swelling
- Muscle cramping near the bite area
- Nausea, sweating, headache
- Skin tissue damage or ulceration
While very rare, severe venom reactions can include seizures, respiratory issues, and abnormally high blood pressure. Seek medical care if you suspect either spider bite.
Other Venomous Spiders in New Hampshire
In addition to black widows and brown recluses, other spiders with medically significant venom found in New Hampshire include:
Yellow Sac Spider
Yellow sac spiders (Cheiracanthium inclusum) are pale yellow to greenish-yellow in color. They have a dark spot on their bell-shaped abdomens and build silken tube retreats in crevices. The venom causes a mild sting and mild skin lesions in some cases.
Hobo Spider
The hobo spider (Eratigena agrestis) occurs uncommonly in southern parts of the state. These spiders have a distinct violin-like pattern on their bulky bodies. The venom can produce minor skin irritation, numbness, and headache.
Fishing Spiders
New Hampshire has several species of fishing spiders that can deliver a painful bite if mishandled. However, these large spiders are not aggressive and only bite in self-defense. Reactions are generally short-lived.
First Aid for Spider Bites in New Hampshire
If you are bitten by any spider in NH, follow these first aid guidelines while seeking medical care:
Clean the Bite Area
Use mild soap and water to gently wash the bite site and surrounding skin. This helps remove any lingering venom and bacteria.
Apply a Cool Compress
Place a clean, cold cloth or wrapped ice pack over the bite to help reduce swelling, inflammation, and pain.
Elevate the Area
If possible, position the bitten limb higher than the heart to slow venom absorption. Just don't raise it if this causes pain.
Avoid Tight Bandages
Wrapping the bite tightly can cut off circulation. Use loose dressings that don't restrict blood flow.
Monitor for Symptoms
Watch closely for signs of localized injury or systemic illness over the next several hours after being bitten.
Never use home remedies like electric shocks, cold therapy, or tourniquets. These can worsen tissue damage. Let medical professionals administer treatment.
Preventing Spider Bites in New Hampshire
You can take these proactive spider bite prevention measures in NH:
Clear Away Webs
Regularly knock down cobwebs inside and outside your home to discourage spiders from taking up residence.
Reduce Clutter
Spiders hide in woodpiles, debris, and undisturbed storage areas. Keep your property tidy and organized.
Seal Up Entry Points
Repair cracks, gaps, and holes that allow spiders to enter living spaces. Install door sweeps and window screens.
Use Protective Gear
Wear gloves, long sleeves, and pants when cleaning sheds and garages where spiders may lurk.
Turn On Lights
Illuminate dark corners, closets and crawlspaces before reaching in to disturb potential spiders.
Employ Pest Control
In severe infestations, consult a licensed exterminator about spider-proofing your home.
Practicing caution, maintaining cleanliness, and sealing off access points can reduce the chances of encountering spiders and getting bit.
Spider Bite Treatment in New Hampshire
Those bitten by northern black widows, brown recluses, or other venomous spiders in NH require medical treatment. Options may include:
Antivenom
For severe latrodectism or loxoscelism, antivenom therapy may be administered to neutralize the spider's injected toxins.
Pain Relievers
Over-the-counter or prescription analgesics help relieve the local and systemic pain caused by spider
FAQs
What venomous spiders are found in New Hampshire?
The two main spiders with dangerous venom in NH are the northern black widow and the brown recluse spider. Other venomous spiders include yellow sac spiders, hobo spiders, and fishing spiders.
What should I do if bitten by a venomous spider in NH?
Clean the bite, apply ice, elevate the area, and monitor for symptoms. Avoid tight bandages. Seek prompt medical attention for evaluation and treatment, as some bites require antivenom.
Where are black widows found in New Hampshire?
Northern black widows build tangled webs in sheltered spots like woodpiles, sheds, garages, and under decks. Their venom can cause muscle spasms and breathing issues.
How dangerous are brown recluse spiders in NH?
While uncommon, brown recluses have potent venom that destroys skin tissue, causing painful blisters and ulcers. Seek care quickly if bitten before extensive skin damage occurs.
How can I reduce spiders in my New Hampshire home?
Seal cracks, install lighting, clear clutter, knock down webs, and use traps or insecticides if necessary. Consult an exterminator for severe infestations needing professional spider control.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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