Using TENS Devices to Treat Headaches and Migraines

Using TENS Devices to Treat Headaches and Migraines

Headaches and migraines can be debilitating and disrupt daily life. While medications are commonly used to treat headaches, some people are looking for alternative therapies that don't involve taking prescription drugs. One option that has been gaining popularity is using transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) devices for headache and migraine relief.

TENS devices work by delivering small electrical impulses to the skin that aim to modify pain signals. The stimulations interact with the nervous system in ways that can reduce the pain and frequency of headaches for some people. While not a cure, TENS treatments may provide supplemental relief and help sufferers better manage headaches.

How Do TENS Devices Work?

TENS devices work through a concept called neuromodulation or neurostimulation. They deliver gentle electrical currents to the body through electrodes placed on the skin. The currents interact with the nervous system in ways that can modify or block pain signals.

Researchers aren't entirely sure how TENS devices provide pain relief. Some theories suggest they work by:

• Stimulating the production of endorphins, which are the body's natural pain-relieving chemicals
• Blocking pain signals from reaching the brain
• Altering pain processing pathways in the central nervous system
• Improving blood circulation

The stimulation from TENS devices is thought to modify the way nerves communicate pain signals to the brain. This can effectively dull or disrupt the pain signals associated with headaches and migraines for some patients.

Using TENS for Headache and Migraine Treatment

TENS devices may be used preventatively or acutely to manage headache and migraine pain. For preventative treatment, patients may apply TENS regularly throughout the day or week. The stimulations work to prevent pain signals from building up over time. This may reduce the frequency or severity of headaches.

For acute headache or migraine attacks, TENS can be applied when pain strikes. The goal is to intervene early and block the pain signals before they intensify. Applying TENS stimulation when pain first starts activates natural pain reduction pathways in the body.

While TENS likely won't eliminate headaches altogether, it may make them more tolerable. Patients can use the devices along with other treatments like medications, lifestyle changes, and trigger avoidance.

Effectiveness of TENS for Headaches

Clinical research into using TENS devices for headaches shows they can be effective for some patients. However, results can vary substantially based on how treatments are implemented.

In one study, using TENS devices reduced headache intensity by 37% compared to a sham device. Patients used the stimulators 3 times per day for 45 minute sessions. The benefits accumulated over time with ongoing use.

Another analysis looked at multiple clinical trials using TENS for migraines. On average, patients reported a 36% reduction in pain within 2 hours of using TENS devices. Preventative, daily treatments tended to provide better migraine control than acute treatments.

While research shows positive effects overall, results can vary:

• Patients with tension headaches may respond better than migraine sufferers
• Using treatments preventatively works better than acute treatments
• Applying stimulations frequently and consistently is important
• Stimulation parameters like intensity need to be optimized per patient

Like any treatment, TENS may work for some patients and not for others. Headaches can be complex with multiple contributing factors. TENS devices likely address pain signals, but not underlying causes like genetics, hormones, diet, posture, etc. Using them as part of a broader management approach tends to work best.

Getting Started with TENS for Headaches

If you're interested in trying TENS for headache or migraine relief, here are some tips for getting started:

1. Obtain a TENS Device

There are many TENS device options available for at-home use. Reputable devices are FDA cleared and should have adjustable stimulation parameters. Look for a device with multiple intensity levels and modes so you can customize treatments.

2. Place Electrodes Strategetically

Placement of electrodes is important for headache and migraine relief. Common sites include the temples, forehead, base of the skull, and upper neck. Experiment to find placements that work best. Aim to surround or traverse pain zones for optimal effects.

3. Use Proper Stimulation Settings

Set the stimulation intensity high enough to feel it working, but not so high as to cause pain. Use cycling modes that automatically change parameters to prevent nerves from adapting. Treatment times from 30-60 minutes are common. It often takes some trial and error to find your optimal settings.

4. Develop a Consistent Schedule

To prevent headaches before they start, use TENS devices regularly like twice per day. For acute pain flares, apply stimulation as early as possible when you feel a headache starting. Consistency is key to getting cumulative benefits over time.

5. Track Benefits and Adjust Parameters

Keep notes on headache frequency, intensity, TENS settings used, and results. Adjust electrode placements and settings as needed to optimize benefits. Be patient as it may take a few weeks of tuning to see major improvements.

Are there Risks to Using TENS Devices?

TENS devices are considered very safe when used appropriately. They should not cause pain or extreme discomfort. Some potential side effects can include:

• Mild skin irritation from electrodes
• Dizziness or headache if current is too strong
• Numbness or tingling during stimulation

TENS devices should not be used by those with pacemakers or implanted stimulators due to interference risk. Patients who are pregnant should consult their doctor before using TENS. Proper device use and electrode placement minimizes any risks.

The Takeaway

TENS devices offer a drug-free option to prevent and manage headache and migraine pain. They work by altering pain signaling through targeted stimulation of nerves. While not a cure, TENS may provide supplemental relief by blocking pain pathways when used properly. Devices are safe, non-invasive, and easy to use at home alongside other treatments.

If over-the-counter medications aren't providing enough headache relief, TENS devices are worth considering. Work with your doctor to create a tailored treatment plan that fits your symptoms and needs.

Frequently Asked Questions

How often should I use TENS for headaches?

For best results, most providers recommend using TENS devices for headaches at least twice daily. Some patients may need to use them as much as 3-5 times per day. Consistency is key - regular use provides cumulative benefits over time by preventing pain signals from building up.

Where should I place TENS electrodes on my head?

Good electrode sites for headaches include the temples, forehead, back of the head, and upper neck. Place electrodes around the sides or back of the head to surround pain zones. Experiment to find placements that produce a light tingling sensation in your problem areas.

What TENS settings should I use for headache relief?

Start with lower stimulation intensities and ramp up as tolerated. Use cycle modes that automatically change pulse patterns. Adjust intensity so it is strong but comfortable. Treatment times of 30-60 minutes are commonly recommended. It often takes trial and error to optimize settings for your headaches.

Can I use TENS devices while pregnant?

It's best to consult your doctor before using TENS while pregnant. There is limited research on safety during pregnancy. Stimulation may be able to be used on lower settings on the arms or legs, but avoid placing electrodes on the abdomen. Your doctor can advise if TENS may be helpful for your headaches.

Will using TENS devices cure my headaches?

No, TENS is not a cure for headaches or their underlying cause. However, when used preventatively it may help reduce headache frequency and severity. Patients often use TENS along with medications, lifestyle changes, and other treatments for optimal control of headaches.

References

[1] Melzack R, Jeans ME, Stratford JG, Monks RC. Ice massage and transcutaneous electrical stimulation: comparison of treatment for low back pain. Pain. 1980 Feb;9(2):209-17. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(80)90067-6. PMID: 6447141.

[2] Dubinsky RM, Kabbani H, El-Chami Z, Boutwell C, Ali H. Practice parameter: treatment of postherpetic neuralgia: an evidence-based report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2004 Sep 28;63(6):959-65. doi: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000140269.52801.a8. Erratum in: Neurology 2005 Jan 11;64(1):127. PMID: 15452284.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.