Deadly Spiders in Maryland: Identification, Symptoms, Treatment

Deadly Spiders Commonly Found in Maryland

While spider bites are relatively uncommon, Maryland is home to a few species of spiders that can deliver potentially serious bites. Being able to identify these spiders can help Maryland residents take precautions and know what to do if they get bitten.

Brown Recluse Spiders

While not native to Maryland, brown recluse spiders have been known to hitchhike into the state in shipping crates and vehicles from the Midwest and South. These spiders have a violin-shaped marking on the top of their bodies and can deliver hemotoxic venom that destroys red blood cells and causes severe tissue damage.

Black Widow Spiders

The black widow spider favors warmer climates but has been spotted in the central and southern regions of Maryland. This spider has a distinctive red hourglass shape on its otherwise black abdomen. The venom contains a potent neurotoxin that can cause muscle spasms, nausea, and breathing difficulties.

Hobo Spider

First discovered in the Pacific Northwest, the aggressive and fast-moving hobo spider has spread to many states including Maryland. These brown spiders reach up to 14mm in body length and cause bites that result in blistering, mild necrosis, and prolonged recovery times.

Identifying Spider Bites

Many times, spider bites are mistaken for other common skin conditions like bed bug bites or skin infections. However, there are some key signs that point to a spider bite:

• Appearance of two puncture wounds from fangs
• Intense stinging and burning at the bite site developing quickly
• Swelling, redness, and small bumps spreading from the bite area
• Blisters, ulcers, and dead skin tissue around the wound

Symptoms of Venom Poisoning

While many spider bites cause only mild reactions, certain dangerous spiders can lead to severe envenoming. Seek emergency care if any of these signs appear:

• Increasing pain spreading from the bite site
• Nausea, vomiting, sweating, and fever
• Muscle spasms, cramping, and stiffness
• Difficulty breathing
• Loss of consciousness or excessive sleepiness

Treating Spider Bites

First Aid

For mild reactions, there are some first aid measures you can take at home:

• Clean bite well with soap and water
• Apply cold pack to reduce swelling and pain
• Keep bitten area elevated if possible
• Use over-the-counter pain meds if needed

Medical Treatment

If you experience any severe symptoms or are bitten by a deadly spider like the black widow or brown recluse, get emergency medical care. Treatment options may include:

• Wound cleansing and drainage
• Tetanus vaccine booster if not up to date
• Antivenom medication for serious envenoming
• Corticosteroids and antihistamines for swelling
• Hospitalization for extended monitoring

Home Recovery

After treatment, continue caring for spider bite at home to prevent infection and support healing:

• Take all antibiotics or other medications as directed
• Change dressings over wound daily
• Watch for signs of wound infection like pus, redness, and fever
• Keep bite covered and clean until fully healed

Preventing Spider Bites

You can help avoid spider bites by taking these proactive measures:

• Clear clutter like piles of wood, rocks, or debris where spiders nest
• Wear gloves, long sleeves, tucked pants for yardwork
• Shake out towels, linens, clothing left outside
• Use insect repellent on skin and clothes
• Install door sweeps, screens, and caulking to block spiders
• Inspect shoes and sleeping areas for spiders

Being alerted about the common deadly spiders in Maryland and knowing proper identification and bite treatment can help residents stay safe. Speak to your doctor for more details on spider bite risks in your area.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.