What is Activated Charcoal?
Activated charcoal is a fine, odorless, black powder made from materials like coconut shells, coal, wood, or petroleum. It is "activated" by processing it at very high temperatures, which creates a highly porous surface that traps toxins.
It has been used medicinally for thousands of years. Today it is commonly taken as a nutritional supplement or applied topically for a variety of proposed health and cosmetic benefits, though some claims are better supported by research than others.
How Activated Charcoal Works
Activated charcoal works through the process of adsorption. The porous surface has a negative electric charge that attracts positively charged molecules, like toxins and gases. As it passes through the GI tract, charcoal binds with these substances, preventing their absorption into the bloodstream.
It also disrupts intestinal gas formation and binds bile acids, which may contribute to some of its digestive uses. However, it can also affect absorption of important nutrients and medications when taken routinely.
Evidence-Based Uses of Activated Charcoal
Poisoning Treatment
The strongest clinical evidence supports using activated charcoal as an emergency treatment for certain types of poisoning. Multiple studies show it can bind toxic substances like pesticides, drugs, mercury, insecticides and certain chemicals, preventing gastrointestinal absorption.
It is most effective if given within 30 minutes to an hour of ingestion. The substance adsorbed to charcoal is then excreted harmlessly rather than poison the body. It is routinely used in emergency rooms for this purpose.
Gas and Bloating Relief
Several studies indicate activated charcoal can help relieve gas and bloating symptoms, especially after eating foods that commonly cause excess gas. It seems to do this by binding intestinal gases and also interrupting the gas production process.
In one study of healthy subjects, those who took activated charcoal after a gas-producing meal reported significantly reduced abdominal symptoms, compared to the placebo group.
Anti-Hangover Effects
Some research has found that activated charcoal may help prevent hangovers when taken before or after drinking alcohol. One study gave participants vodka mixed with activated charcoal. The charcoal group had significantly lower blood alcohol levels and reported fewer hangover symptoms.
It likely works by binding alcohol toxins, reducing gastrointestinal absorption. More studies are still needed but results are promising.
Unproven Benefits and Claims
Activated charcoal has risen in popularity in recent years, with proponents making claims about additional benefits that still lack robust clinical evidence. These unproven benefits include:
Detoxification
Perhaps the most touted claim is that activated charcoal "detoxifies" the body by binding toxins, chemicals, heavy metals like lead, pesticides, mold and drugs in the GI tract before they can be absorbed. There is no scientific consensus that activated charcoal has a meaningful detoxification effect throughout the body.
Skin and Teeth Whitening
Dermatologists warn there is little evidence showing activated charcoal improves skin clarity or lightens teeth long-term. Any perceived whitening effect likely comes from its jet-black color temporarily masking discoloration before it washes off.
Acne Treatment
Some natural skin care products contain activated charcoal but concrete benefits for acne, cellulite, or skin healing are unsubstantiated. It may help draw oils, dirt and bacteria from pores but excess drying could worsen acne for some.
Anti-Aging
Claims that activated charcoal reduces signs of aging like wrinkles and sagging skin through toxin elimination and cellular renewal are unsupported. No well-designed studies confirm anti-aging benefits from supplements or skincare products.
Immune Booster
There is no scientific evidence that activated charcoal taken regularly boosts immunity, increases energy, or improves athletic performance, as some manufacturers state. These wide-ranging health claims remain unproven.
Potential Side Effects and Safety Risks
When activated charcoal is used appropriately at recommended doses for limited periods, it is likely safe for most healthy adults. However, the following side effects and safety concerns have been reported:
- Intestinal blockage and constipation due to it drying out stool
- Black stools, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Allergic reactions, difficult breathing with inhaled forms
- Poor absorption of nutrients, medication interference
- Risks with pregnancy, IBS, appendicitis, hemorrhoids, ulcers
- Teeth and gum staining with oral use
Children and the elderly may experience greater adverse effects. Activated charcoal also renders birth control ineffective. More research is still needed on long-term safety with repeated use.
Where to Buy Activated Charcoal
Pharmacies
Many pharmacy retailers like CVS, Walgreens, Rite Aid, and Walmart sell activated charcoal products both in-store and online. They carry capsule supplements from brands like Spring Valley and Nature's Bounty, as well as toothpaste and powders.
Online Retailers
A wider selection of activated charcoal products is available through online stores like Amazon, iHerb, Vitacost, Lucky Vitamin, and Swanson Health. They offer competitive pricing with the convenience of home delivery.
Health Food Stores
Brick-and-mortar health food stores like Whole Foods, Sprouts, and Earth Fare have activated charcoal capsules, powders and beauty items. Staff may be able to provide guidance on reputable brands and proper dosage.
Direct from Manufacturers
Many supplement companies sell activated charcoal direct through their own websites. This allows you to order online right from the source. Two popular brands offering direct sales are Bulletproof and Zion Health.
Multi-Seller Marketplaces
Websites like eBay, Etsy, and Wish offer activated charcoal products from a range of smaller sellers in one place. However, quality and safety standards vary more compared to reputable retailers.
Be especially cautious purchasing through unknown third-party vendors on marketplaces like Amazon or eBay. Only buy from well-reviewed sellers following proper supplement manufacturing guidelines.
What to Look for When Buying
Reputable Brands
Stick with well-known brands compliant with supplement manufacturing regulations like GMP standards. Bargain supplements from obscure brands more likely cut corners.
Purity Standards
High-purity charcoal has better adsorption. Look for products certified as USP (U.S. Pharmacopeia) grade for standardized purity and quality.
Capsule vs Powder
For health uses, capsules are preferable to loose powder. They provide accurate dosing with less mess. However, loose powder works for some applications.
Oral Use vs Topical
Activated charcoal comes in formulations for different uses. Oral capsules, tablets, and powders are taken internally. Some are made for external skin or dental applications.
Intended Purpose
Look for products marketed for your desired use, whether it's detoxification, teeth whitening, acne treatment, hangover prevention, etc. Proper dosing often varies.
Expiration Date
Always check expiration or best-by date before purchasing. The adsorption capacity decreases over time with activated charcoal.
Storage Method
Store in an airtight container away from moisture, heat, and sunlight to preserve potency. Improperly stored charcoal loses effectiveness.
Safe and Effective Use
When used appropriately under medical supervision, activated charcoal is safe for most adults. However, improper use carries risks. Talk to your doctor before using if pregnant or having gastrointestinal issues. Introduce activated charcoal slowly and drink plenty of water to prevent constipation.
Be aware that activated charcoal can interfere with absorption of oral medications and nutrients. Take supplements at least 2 hours apart. Do not routinely use longer than 1 week unless directed by your doctor. Always follow dosage guidelines on the label or from your physician.
While activated charcoal has some proven benefits, more research is still needed to substantiate many other claims. Talk to a medical professional to determine if activated charcoal may be helpful for your individual health needs.
FAQs
Where can I buy activated charcoal capsules or powder?
You can buy activated charcoal supplements at pharmacies, health food stores, online retailers like Amazon and Vitacost, or directly from manufacturers.
What are the best online stores for activated charcoal?
Top online stores for quality activated charcoal include iHerb, Lucky Vitamin, Swanson Health, and directly from brands like Bulletproof or Zion Health.
Should I buy activated charcoal from Amazon or eBay?
Only purchase from reputable, well-reviewed sellers on marketplaces like Amazon and eBay. Quality varies greatly among third-party vendors.
What should I look for when buying activated charcoal?
Look for high-purity USP grade activated charcoal from reputable brands sold for your intended use, check expiration dates, and ensure proper storage away from moisture, heat, and sunlight.
How can I use activated charcoal safely and effectively?
Introduce activated charcoal slowly, take it 2 hours from medications, drink plenty of water, don't use for more than 1 week without medical advice, and always follow dosage guidelines for your purpose.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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