Noticing Physical Changes
One of the first signs that your dog may be pregnant is physical changes to her body. Around 3-4 weeks into the pregnancy, her nipples may become larger and pinker in color. The area surrounding the nipples will also swell. At around day 35-40 of the pregnancy, you may start to see the dog's belly expanding as the puppies inside her start to grow.
Some other physical signs in the early stages of pregnancy include:
- Lethargy and tiredness
- Increased appetite
- Weight gain
As the pregnancy progresses to the middle and late stages, the dog's belly will become very noticeably swollen. Be careful not to overfeed her or allow her to become overweight during this time. Provide a high quality puppy food diet in appropriate portions for her size and activity level. Consult with your veterinarian if you are unsure how much to feed.
Changes in Behavior
In addition to physical changes, you may also notice some changes in your dog's normal behavior and personality. Some common behavioral signs of pregnancy include:
- Seeking more attention and affection from owners
- Becoming more clingy or protective
- Having reduced energy levels or moving slower
- Experiencing changes in appetite
Your dog's food preferences may also change during pregnancy. For example, she may start having cravings for certain foods or snacks. Be careful not to overfeed the cravings, as too much excess weight gain can be unhealthy for the developing puppies.
Preparing a Welcoming Space
As your dog reaches the final 3 weeks of the pregnancy, you should start setting up a comfortable and safe space for her to deliver the puppies. This area, known as a whelping box or whelping pen, gives the mother dog a quiet, private area to go through labor and birth the puppies.
Consider an area that is:
- Not too hot or too cold
- Away from loud noises or activity
- Has plenty of clean bedding and towels
Make sure your dog is eating well in the final days leading up to labor. Talk to your vet about any necessary vitamins or supplements to support a healthy delivery.
Recognizing Labor
One of the most obvious signs that your dog is about to give birth is labor contractions and straining. This means the puppies should arrive within the next 12 hours or so. Some other signs that labor is near include:
- Restlessness
- Pacing
- Nesting behaviors
- Loss of appetite
- Vomiting
- Shivering
Your dog may also start intensely licking her vulva. Some clear discharge is normal close to giving birth. Once labor begins, encourage your dog to stay in the whelping area you have set up for her comfort and safety.
What to Expect During Labor
Canine labor typically lasts between 6 to 12 hours, but could be a few hours longer for some dogs. Here's what you can expect in the different labor stages:
Early labor (0-2 hours):- Restlessness
- Panting
- Shivering
- Intense abdominal contractions
- Straining
- Water breaking
- Strong urge to push
- Possible vomiting
- 1st puppy delivered soon
Most puppies should be delivered within 1-2 hours of each other. Contact your vet if your dog strains for over 30 minutes without a puppy or seems to be struggling.
Caring for Mom and Puppies
Once the puppies have arrived, mom will bite off the sac around each and lick the puppy clean. It's important not to interrupt her early bonding time right after giving birth. Keep an eye on the puppies to make sure each is nursing and staying warm.
Signs of healthy nursing puppies:
- Making squeaking noises
- Nice rounded bellies after feeding
- Strong reflexes and movement
If you notice a puppy struggling or crying non-stop, it may not be getting enough milk. Check that mom is producing, and supplement with puppy formula if needed.
Preparing for a Healthy Pregnancy
The best way to set your dog and her puppies up for success starts even before pregnancy. Make sure your dog stays up-to-date on necessary vaccines and vet checkups year round. When you decide to breed your dog, have her evaluated to ensure she is healthy enough for the pregnancy and labor.
Nutrition and Weight
What your dog eats before and during pregnancy plays a huge role in her health, and the development of those puppies. After confirming she is pregnant, slowly transition her to a high quality puppy food diet. Avoid over or underfeeding at this crucial time of development.
Ideally your dog should only gain 25-35% of her body weight during pregnancy. Any more risks complications. Weigh your dog weekly and track her progress.
Supplements
In addition to a healthy diet, veterinarian approved supplements can provide extra support. Especially important during pregnancy are:
- Pre-natal vitamins
- Calcium for bone development
- Fatty acids for brain and organ growth
Never give your dog any supplements without checking with your vet on safety and dosage for pregnancy. Too much calcium for example can be dangerous.
Exercise and Activity
Exercise is important for your pregnant dog's health, but should be moderate with periods of rest once she is showing. Avoid any rough housing or stress during her pregnancy. Make sure she has a proper whelping area set up by the final weeks.
Ensure your dog gets mental stimulation along with gentle physical exercise up until she gives birth. This helps her relax and keeps spirits up during the anxious waiting period.
Preparing For Labor Complications
While most canine pregnancies are smooth, there is always potential for complications and emergencies. Discuss the warning signs with your vet so you know when to bring your dog in for urgent medical care.
Common Pregnancy & Labor Complications
Some examples of complications include:
- Early or delayed labor
- Uterine inertia (weak contractions)
- Dystocia (delayed labor)
- Retained placenta
- Metritis (uterine infection)
Your vet may advise supplements, medication, or dietary changes if your dog is at-risk for certain complications. Closely monitor both mom and puppies for any concerning symptoms during and after pregnancy.
Preparing for Emergencies
While you hope everything goes smoothly, you should prepare for emergencies by:
- Having your vets emergency contact
- Confirming the nearest 24-hour animal hospital
- Setting aside emergency funds
Also have a plan ready to transport your dog for medical care if complications arise. Time is critical with many pregnancy or labor emergencies.
By understanding all the normal signs of dog pregnancy, you give your dog the best chance for a safe, healthy experience. Pay close attention to changes in your dogs body and behavior. Seek veterinary care promptly for any concerns about your pregnant dogs health or labor complications.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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