Understanding Dry Mouth as a Common Symptom of COVID-19 Infection

Understanding Dry Mouth as a Symptom of COVID-19

The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically impacted our lives in many ways. As we learn more about this novel coronavirus, the associated symptoms continue to evolve. Recently, researchers have identified dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, as a common symptom of COVID-19 infection.

In this comprehensive guide, we will cover everything you need to know about dry mouth as a COVID-19 symptom. We will explore the research linking dry mouth to COVID-19, why it occurs, who is most at risk, and how to manage this troublesome symptom.

Research Linking COVID-19 and Dry Mouth

Emerging research over the past two years of the pandemic suggests dry mouth is a prevalent symptom among COVID-19 positive patients. Here is an overview of the key studies:

• A 2020 study published in Frontiers in Medicine found that 68% of COVID-19 patients experienced oral dryness.
• Another 2021 study in the British Dental Journal found dry mouth present in 36% of non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients.
• Researchers from the University of Central Florida reported xerostomia as a primary COVID-19 symptom in 52% of the patients they evaluated.

Based on this emerging research, dry mouth appears to be a common manifestation of COVID-19 across demographics. The symptom may present at initial onset or persist throughout the course of the disease. Understanding why dry mouth occurs in COVID-19 patients is key to managing it effectively.

Why COVID-19 Causes Dry Mouth

There are a few theories as to why dry mouth emerges as a COVID-19 symptom:

• Dehydration - Fever, sweating, vomiting, and diarrhea associated with COVID-19 can lead to dehydration. Saliva production depends on adequate hydration status.
• Mouth breathing Difficulty breathing through the nose is common in COVID-19. This mouth breathing dries out the oral cavity.
• Loss of taste and smell Since smell and taste stimuli drive saliva production, their absence can disrupt normal salivary flow.
• Medications - Therapies like antihistamines, decongestants, and certain pain medications can list dry mouth as a side effect.

Additionally, research indicates COVID-19 disrupts the ACE2 receptor pathways that help drive saliva production. The virus appears to directly impair salivary gland function in some patients.

Who is Most at Risk of COVID Dry Mouth?

While dry mouth can accompany COVID-19 infection in anyone, some patients seem more prone to experiencing this symptom. Risk factors include:

• Older age
• Taking multiple medications
• Pre-existing conditions like diabetes, hypertension, anxiety, depression
• A history of dry mouth prior to COVID
• Severe COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization

Additionally, research indicates that women may be more likely to develop dry mouth following COVID-19 infection compared to men. Scientists theorize hormonal differences may play a role in this discrepancy.

Complications of Dry Mouth with COVID-19

While it may seem innocuous, dry mouth can have serious repercussions if left unmanaged. Some potential complications include:

• Dental decay - With less saliva to neutralize mouth acids and rinse away food debris, cavities can develop rapidly.
• Gum disease - Lack of saliva allows plaque build-up which can inflame the gums.
• Yeast infection - Candida fungus thrives in the dry oral environment.
• Difficulty speaking or swallowing - Saliva helps lubricate these functions.
• Halitosis - Saliva's cleaning action keeps bad breath at bay.

The combination of dry mouth and associated dental problems may also exacerbate COVID-19 symptoms like sore throat, headache, and loss of taste. Proper management of xerostomia is critical.

Tips to Manage COVID-Related Dry Mouth

If you develop persistent dry mouth along with other COVID-19 symptoms, consider these self-care tips:

• Drink plenty of water - Staying well-hydrated promotes saliva production.
• Use a humidifier Humidifying the air prevents moisture loss in the mouth and nose.
• Limit caffeine and alcohol - These dehydrate the body so avoid overindulging.
• Breathe through your nose - Promotes better oxygenation and prevents mouth drying.
• Chew gum or suck lozenges - The chewing motion triggers saliva production.
• Rinse with salt water - Salt helps draw moisture into oral tissues.
• Use moisturizing mouthwashes and gels - Look for products containing xylitol.
• Apply lip balm - Prevents chapped lips.
• Avoid sugary foods - Sugar damages saliva production.
• Take sips of water or broths - Wetting the mouth periodically helps stimulate salivary flow.
• Try a nighttime mouth guard - Prevents mouth drying from nighttime breathing.
• See your dentist - Schedule an appointment to assess any dental impacts.

Your doctor may also recommend prescription medications to ease dry mouth symptoms. Pilocarpine or cevimeline can improve saliva production. Other drugs target mouth pain, infections, and gum disease.

When to Seek Medical Care

In most cases, at-home care measures can adequately manage COVID-related dry mouth. Contact your doctor promptly if you experience:

• Severe or worsening dry mouth
• Oral pain or bleeding gums
• White patches inside the mouth
• Swelling under the tongue or jaw
• Redness, burning sensations, or sore spots in the mouth
• Difficulty speaking, chewing, or swallowing
• Halitosis or taste changes.

These could indicate a secondary infection or another condition requiring medical intervention. Connect with your dentist as well if you notice any tooth decay or gum recession.

The Takeaway

Emerging research clearly links dry mouth to COVID-19 infection, especially in the acute phases. Salivary gland impairment, dehydration, mouth breathing, and medications likely contribute to this troublesome symptom. While typically manageable with self-care, uncontrolled dry mouth can impact dental health and quality of life.

If you develop dry mouth along with other COVID-19 symptoms, ramp up hydration, use saliva replacements, avoid sugary foods, and connect promptly with your doctor for any escalating issues. With proactive management, COVID-related xerostomia can often be temporary and reversed.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.