Understanding Signs of Pediatric Depression and Treatment Options

Recognizing Symptoms of Pediatric Depression

It's normal for kids and teens to occasionally feel sad or down. But persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or irritability may indicate depression. According to Dr. Lira, some common symptoms of depression in children and adolescents include:

• Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities
• Withdrawing from friends and family
• Having low energy and motivation
• Feeling worthless or guilty
• Having difficulty concentrating
• Changes in eating and sleeping habits
• Thoughts of death or suicide

"Parents should be on the lookout for major changes in their child's personality, emotions, and behaviors that last for two weeks or longer," explains Dr. Lira. "Don't write symptoms off as just a phase or your child being moody. Take any concerns seriously and seek professional help."

Risk Factors for Pediatric Depression

Certain factors may increase a child's risk of developing depression. According to Dr. Lira's clinical experience, potential risk factors include:

• Family history of depression or other mental health conditions
• Traumatic events or major life changes
• Being bullied, abused, or neglected
• Chronic illness
• Substance abuse
• Anxiety disorders

"While we don't always know the exact cause of depression, a combination of genetic, environmental, physical, and psychological factors are usually at play," notes Dr. Lira. "The good news is that depression is very treatable, especially when caught early."

When to Seek Professional Help

Dr. Lira emphasizes reaching out for professional support at the first signs of depression in a child. "Don't assume it's just a phase they'll grow out of," she advises. "Getting an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan in place early on gives kids the best chance of recovery."

After a consultation, Dr. Lira may recommend one or more of the following treatment approaches:

• Medication - Antidepressants and other medications can help balance brain chemicals involved in regulating mood.
• Psychotherapy - Talk therapy provides needed support and teaches coping strategies.
• Lifestyle changes - Improving nutrition, sleep habits, exercise, and social connections enhances overall mental health.
• Alternative therapies - Options like art therapy, pet therapy, and meditation can supplement other treatments.

"Treatment is tailored to each child's symptoms and situation," explains Dr. Lira. "I involve the whole family to ensure everyone understands the treatment plan and can provide support."

Signs That Require Immediate Attention

While most childhood depression can be managed on an outpatient basis, some warning signs require prompt intervention, warns Dr. Lira. Seek emergency help if a child or teen exhibits:

• Thoughts, plans, or attempts of suicide
• Hostility or violence toward others
• Seeing or hearing things that aren't real (hallucinations or delusions)
• Severely uncontrolled, repetitive behaviors
• Unresponsiveness, confusion, or inability to function

"Don't hesitate to call 911, take your child to the ER, or call a suicide hotline if you have safety concerns," emphasizes Dr. Lira. "Inpatient treatment at a psychiatric hospital may be needed to stabilize an acute mental health crisis."

Providing Ongoing Support at Home

To promote emotional wellness for kids with depression, Dr. Lira suggests:

• Being patient and understanding - Don't criticize moody behaviors. Offer compassion and let your child know you're there for them.
• Establishing structure and routine - Help keep your child engaged with school, activities, and family time.
• Encouraging healthy habits - Make sure your child gets enough sleep, nutrition, and exercise.
• Limiting screen time - Set boundaries around device use and social media.
• Watching for warning signs - Stay alert for changes that could indicate worsening depression.

"Don't hesitate to involve counselors, therapists, coaches, religious leaders, and other trusted adults for extra support," adds Dr. Lira. "It takes a village to nurture a child's mental health."

When to Follow Up with Your Pediatrician

Dr. Lira recommends scheduling follow-up appointments to track your child's progress and adjust treatment plans as needed. It's important to get back in touch if:

• Your child's symptoms are not improving
• Side effects of medication occur
• New concerning behaviors appear
• Your child talks about suicide or self-harm
• Situational stressors arise, like problems at school

"Frequent check-ins allow me to provide the best care possible," says Dr. Lira. "Don't hesitate to call my office if you have worries in between scheduled visits."

Supporting Emotional Wellness in Kids and Teens

While one in three kids will meet criteria for depression by age 18, early intervention makes a positive difference. Dr. Lira concludes with these tips for nurturing mental health in children and teens:

• Have regular open conversations to stay connected to what your child is thinking and feeling.
• Create a judgement-free zone where kids feel safe confiding concerns.
• Empower kids to make healthy choices about sleep, nutrition, media use, etc.
• Help kids identify and express emotions in a constructive manner.
• Teach coping strategies like breathing exercises, journaling, or listening to music.
• Know the signs of depression and seek help when needed.

"With compassion, understanding, and access to professional care, children and teens can gain the resilience to manage mood disorders," concludes Dr. Lira. "My goal is to partner with parents so kids can thrive for years to come."

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.