Nutrition Tips for Dogs with Kidney Disease - 2023 Guide for Dog Owners

Understanding Kidney Disease in Dogs

Kidney disease is one of the most common health issues affecting dogs today. As dogs age, their kidneys gradually lose function over time. Kidney disease is characterized by the kidneys' decreased ability to remove waste products from the blood, regulate hydration, and produce urine. Left untreated, kidney disease can be fatal. That's why it's so important for dog owners to understand the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for kidney disease in dogs.

What Causes Kidney Disease in Dogs?

There are several potential causes of kidney disease in dogs:

• Old age - Kidney function naturally declines as a dog ages
• Genetics - Some breeds are genetically predisposed to kidney issues
• Toxins - Exposure to toxins like antifreeze can damage the kidneys
• Infections - Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can affect the kidneys
• Cancer - Lymphoma, leukemia, and other cancers sometimes involve the kidneys
• Autoimmune disease - The immune system attacks the kidneys
• Trauma - Blunt force trauma or damage from an accident
• Blockages - Crystals, stones, or tumors can obstruct urine flow

In many cases, the exact cause of a dog's kidney disease is unknown. Kidney issues are often secondary results of other illnesses in dogs. That's why annual vet checkups are so important - they allow early detection of kidney problems before they become advanced.

Stages of Kidney Disease in Dogs

Veterinarians classify kidney disease into four stages based on symptoms and lab test results:

• Stage 1 - Kidney damage with normal kidney function
• Stage 2 - Mild decrease in kidney function
• Stage 3 - Moderate decrease in kidney function
• Stage 4 - Severe decrease in kidney function

The stage of kidney disease determines treatment options and prognosis. Catching kidney disease early in stages 1 or 2 offers the best chance for effective management. Once a dog reaches stage 4 kidney failure, the prognosis is poor, but treatment can still provide quality life extension.

Symptoms of Kidney Disease in Dogs

Subtle symptoms of kidney disease often go unnoticed in the early stages. By stage 3, dogs typically show these signs:

• Increased thirst and urination
• Weight loss
• Poor appetite
• Lethargy, tiredness
• Bad breath
• Vomiting, diarrhea
• Skin and coat problems

Symptoms are the result of toxins building up in the blood. Dogs drink more to dilute these toxins, but this leads to further loss of kidney function over time. That's why early blood and urine tests are so important for detecting kidney issues.

Diagnosing Kidney Disease in Dogs

To diagnose kidney disease, veterinarians will:

• Take a urine sample
• Run blood tests
• Check blood pressure
• Perform an ultrasound
• Do a kidney biopsy (occasionally)

These tests help identify decreased kidney function, anemia, dehydration, urinary tract infections, and the buildup of waste products like creatinine and BUN. Staging the level of kidney disease determines the best course of treatment.

Treating Dogs with Kidney Disease

While kidney disease can't be cured, proper management can slow its progression and extend a dog's life. Treatments aim to support kidney function, manage symptoms, and minimize complications. Some options include:

Medications

Vets often prescribe medications like:

• ACE inhibitors to dilate blood vessels
• Anti-nausea drugs
• Phosphate binders
• Potassium supplements
• Anemia drugs
• Blood pressure medications

Medications help control symptoms, complications, and slow disease progression. Close monitoring is needed to adjust dosages as kidney function changes.

Diet Modifications

Special kidney support diets are vital. These diets have reduced protein, phosphate, and sodium levels to minimize waste buildup and support kidney function. Increased omega-3 fatty acids help reduce inflammation. Dietary changes should be made gradually under a vet's supervision.

Intravenous Fluids

IV fluid therapy helps flush toxins from the blood and rehydrate dogs. This can be given at the vet clinic or continued at home. Most dogs need weekly or biweekly IV fluids to support kidney function.

Surgery

Surgery may be recommended to remove kidney stones or tumors, repair abnormal blood vessels, or perform a kidney transplant in rare cases.

Nutrition for Dogs with Kidney Disease

Diet plays a central role in managing kidney disease. There are three main nutritional goals:

1. Reduce waste buildup
2. Avoid dehydration
3. Support kidney function

Kidney support diets are formulated to meet these goals by limiting protein, phosphorus, and sodium. Increased omega-3s provide anti-inflammatory benefits. Supplements help maintain adequate nutrition for dogs with poor appetites.

Key Nutrients for Kidney Health

Some of the most important nutrients for dogs with kidney disease include:

• High Quality Protein - Restricted to support kidney function
• Healthy Fats - Omega-3s reduce inflammation
• Vitamins B, C, and K - Help regulate minerals and blood clotting
• Sodium - Limited to control blood pressure
• Phosphorus - Restricted to prevent secondary hyperparathyroidism
• Potassium - Supplements given if potassium is too low
• Anti-oxidants - Support kidney health and reduce damage from free radicals

These nutrients help nourish the body while reducing strain on diseased kidneys. Working with a vet ensures dogs receive the right supplements and restricted diets tailored to their individual needs.

Homemade Food for Dogs with Kidney Disease

Home cooking is not generally recommended for dogs with kidney disease unless formulated by a vet. It's challenging to meet a dog's nutritional needs with kidney disease while restricting phosphorus, protein, and sodium at home. However, some cooked additions can enhance a commercial kidney diet when approved by a vet such as:

• Lean chicken or turkey
• Eggs
• Cottage cheese
• Barley
• Root vegetables like carrots, potatoes, and greens like kale and broccoli
• Fresh berries

Avoid high phosphorus foods like dairy, legumes, grains, yeast, and organ meats. Track all nutrient contents to prevent imbalances. Work closely with your vet for homemade meal guidelines.

Treats for Dogs with Kidney Disease

Treats need special consideration for dogs with kidney issues. Some smart choices include:

Lean Protein Treats

Limited amounts of:

• Skinless chicken or turkey
• Canned salmon
• Beef liver
• Low-sodium deli meats
• Hard boiled eggs

Avoid high sodium meats like ham, bacon, hot dogs, or sandwich meats.

Fruits and Veggies

Fresh, low potassium options like:

• Blueberries
• Raspberries
• Apples
• Bananas
• Carrots
• Green beans

Avoid dried fruits which are high in potassium and phosphorus.

Grain-Free Biscuits

Look for limited protein grain-free biscuits low in sodium and phosphorus. Ingredients like chickpeas, cassava, and coconut flour are better alternatives to grains.

Low Sodium Broths

Offer small amounts of unsalted broths to increase fluid intake. Check labels for onions, garlic, and other organ meats high in phosphorus.

Smoothies

Blend kidney friendly fruits and veggies for an appealing slushy treat. Use coconut water or kidney diet canned food to get in more fluids.

Providing the Best Quality of Life

Caring for a dog with kidney disease can be challenging. Following your vet's treatment plan, monitoring for changes, and providing excellent nutrition gives dogs the best chance possible. Focus on enriching each day and finding joy in small things. With dedicated care, dogs can still have good quality of life despite kidney issues.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.