Beware of Venomous Spiders Found in Pennsylvania

Beware of Venomous Spiders in Pennsylvania

Pennsylvania is home to a diverse ecosystem filled with wildlife, including many species of spiders. While most spiders are harmless to humans, the state harbors a handful of venomous spiders that can inflict painful, and in rare cases dangerous, bites.

Being able to identify venomous spiders in Pennsylvania allows residents and visitors to take proper precautions in areas these spiders inhabit. This article covers the main types of venomous spiders found in Pennsylvania, how to identify them, where they live, bite symptoms, and tips for prevention.

Black Widow Spider

The most notorious venomous spider in Pennsylvania is the northern black widow. This spider is found throughout southern and western parts of the state.

Black widow spiders can be identified by the distinctive red hourglass shape on their undersides. They have a shiny black body and legs. Female black widows reach about 1.5 inches in body length, while males are smaller.

Black widows make cobweb style webs in sheltered spots like woodpiles, under rocks, and in abandoned structures. Bites most often occur when spiders get trapped against human skin.

The venom contains a neurotoxin that can cause severe muscle pain, abdominal cramping, nausea, and sweating. While rarely fatal, medical care is recommended.

Brown Recluse Spider

Brown recluse spiders are another venomous species found in parts of Pennsylvania.

As their name suggests, these spiders are brown in color. They have a distinctive dark brown violin shape on their bodies and grow up to 0.75 inches long. Brown recluses spin irregular webs and dwell in hidden spaces like attics, crawl spaces, and cellars.

The venom contains enzymes that break down skin tissue and can cause necrosis at the bite site. Seek immediate medical care if bitten.

Hobo Spider

The hobo spider is a type of funnel-web spider that inhabits parts of Pennsylvania. Hobo spiders have a brown bulbous body with brown and yellow markings on the abdomen. They can grow over an inch long.

Hobo spiders build funnel-shaped webs in corners of sheds, basements, and crawlspaces. Bites are uncommon but can cause mild skin infections.

Yellow Sac Spider

Yellow sac spiders are pale yellow to greenish spiders up to 0.5 inches long with darker markings on their abdomens. Their name comes from the tube-like sacs they build for shelter.

These spiders are widespread across Pennsylvania. While not aggressive, they may bite if disturbed or trapped against skin. Venom can produce a stinging, red welt.

Running Crab Spider

The running crab spider is atype of sac spider with a spiky-looking brown body. It has long legs that let it run quickly to hunt prey. Running crab spiders inhabit gardens, woodlands, and meadows.

Bites are uncommon but venom can potentially cause mild skin lesions.

Fishing Spider

Fishing spiders are large, brown spiders up to 2 inches across found near water statewide. They do not build webs, instead actively hunting along streams and ponds.

While not aggressive, fishing spiders can inflict defensive bites if threatened. The venom rarely has toxic effects beyond local pain and swelling.

Identifying Venomous Spiders

Learning how to identify venomous spiders allows you to take precautions in areas they inhabit. Here are some identification tips:

Look for Distinctive Body Markings

Many venomous spiders have distinctive markings that aid in identification. These include:

• Black widows - shiny black body with red hourglass shape on underside
• Brown recluse - brown violin shape on body
• Hobo spider - brown bulbous body with abdominal markings
• Yellow sac spider - pale yellow-green body with dark markings on abdomen

Note Web Types and Habitats

Where and how spiders build their webs can also offer clues. Funnel-shaped webs in corners point to hobo spiders. Irregular cobwebs in woodpiles or sheds may house black widows.

Watch Out For Speedy Movements

The quick, darting movement of spiders like the running crab spider distinguishes them from slower-moving spiders.

Size Can Help

Some venomous spiders like fishing spiders reach larger sizes up to 2 inches across. Smaller spiders under 0.5 inches are unlikely to be dangerous.

If Unsure, Steer Clear

When in doubt about an unknown spider, err on the side of caution. Avoid handling and tightly seal buildings to prevent entry.

Where Venomous Spiders Live in Pennsylvania

Venomous spiders inhabit diverse habitats throughout the state. Being aware of their preferred environments helps avoid surprise encounters.

Outbuildings

Sheds, barns, and garages provide perfect refuge for web-building spiders like black widows. Always inspect and clean these structures thoroughly before use.

Woodpiles

Stacks of wood attract insects that spiders prey on. Carefully check woodpiles before grabbing logs, watching for spiders that may be hidden.

Cellars, Crawlspaces, and Attics

Brown recluse spiders favor dark, undisturbed spaces in homes like basements and attics. Use caution and protective clothing when cleaning or entering these areas.

Hollow Logs and Rock Crevices

Overturned logs and loose rocks provide cover for spiders in yards and gardens. Wear thick gloves when moving these objects.

Near Water

Fishing spiders dwell along streams, ponds, and lakes statewide. Always check where you place your hands when near the water's edge.

What To Do If Bitten by a Venomous Spider

While most spider bites are harmless, seek immediate medical care if bitten by one of Pennsylvania's venomous spiders.

Wash the Wound

Gently clean the bite area with soap and water to remove any venom on the skin's surface. Do not scrub roughly.

Apply a Cool Compress

Place a clean, cool, wet cloth over the bite to help reduce swelling and pain.

Elevate the Wound

If possible, keep the bitten limb elevated higher than the heart to slow venom absorption.

Take Over-The-Counter Medication

Pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage bite symptoms until you can see a doctor.

Seek Emergency Care for Serious Reactions

With bites from spiders like black widows or brown recluses, immediately go to an emergency room or call 911 if you experience severe pain, swelling, nausea, fever or other systemic reactions.

Monitor the Bite Site

Check the bite area regularly forSpread of redness or swelling, which may indicate infection. See a doctor promptly if the wound worsens.

Preventing Spider Bites in Pennsylvania

You can reduce the chances of inadvertent spider bites by taking these preventative measures:

• Seal cracks in foundations and openings to prevent spider entry in homes.
• Clear clutter like piles of wood, bricks, or debris where spiders nest.
• Shake out gardening gloves and shoes before use.
• Knock out shoes before putting them on to avoid trapped spiders.
• Use caution lifting logs or rocks.
• Inspect surfaces before placing bare hands.
• Install insect screens on windows and doors.
• Use insecticides or bleach solutions to kill spiders in garages and basements.

Exercising caution outdoors and keeping properties tidy limits places for spiders to thrive. Staying vigilant of your surroundings can help you steer clear of venomous species.

Staying Safe from Venomous Spider Bites

Pennsylvania's venomous spiders rarely cause serious harm, but bites can occur if spiders are disturbed. Learning how to identify high-risk species, the places they inhabit, and proper precautions can help prevent unfortunate encounters.

If bitten by a spider, seek medical treatment promptly for assessment and monitoring, especially if you suspect a black widow or brown recluse bite. With proper care, most spider bite symptoms resolve within a week.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.