Treating Stubborn Toenail Fungus with Blue Light Therapy

Treating Toenail Fungus with Blue Light Therapy

Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common condition that affects millions of people worldwide. It occurs when fungi, such as dermatophytes or Candida, get under the toenail and begin to spread. As the infection progresses, the toenail can become discolored, thickened, and brittle. In severe cases, the nail may separate from the nail bed. While not usually painful, toenail fungus can be unsightly and embarrassing. Fortunately, there are several effective treatments available, including the use of blue light.

What Causes Toenail Fungus?

Onychomycosis is caused by three main types of fungi - dermatophytes, yeasts, and nondermatophyte molds. Dermatophytes are the fungi most commonly responsible for toenail fungus. These fungi thrive in warm, moist environments like swimming pools, locker rooms, and showers. Factors that can increase your risk of developing toenail fungus include:

• Wearing tight-fitting shoes that don't allow proper ventilation
• Walking barefoot in public places like pools or locker rooms
• Having a minor skin or nail injury
• Having a weakened immune system
• Being over age 60
• Having diabetes, peripheral arterial disease or poor circulation
• Having other nail infections

Yeasts and molds are less common causes, but can also result in fungal toenail infections. Proper hygiene and foot care are important for preventing infection.

Signs and Symptoms of Toenail Fungus

The signs and symptoms of toenail fungus include:

• Thickened nail that may become brittle and ragged
• Distorted, misshapen nail
• Buildup of debris (crumbles) under the nail
• White or yellow streaks or spots on the nail
• Darkening and discoloration of the nail
• Separation of the nail from the nail bed
• A foul smell coming from the nail
• Pain or discomfort in the toe

If you notice any of these symptoms, especially discoloration or thickness, see your doctor to get a proper diagnosis. The sooner treatment is started, the better your outcome will be.

Risks of Untreated Toenail Fungus

While unsightly nails may be the only symptom of toenail fungus, leaving it untreated can lead to additional problems. Potential risks include:

• The infection spreading to other toenails or fingernails
• The nail separating from the nail bed
• Pain or discomfort in the infected toe
• Increased difficulty walking due to pain
• Having the infected nail permanently removed
• Cellulitis, a bacterial skin infection of the lower leg
• Foot ulcers and open sores, especially in those with diabetes or circulation issues

That's why it's recommended to see a podiatrist at the first signs of toenail fungus. Getting an accurate diagnosis and starting treatment early provides the best chance for clearing up the fungal infection.

Treating Toenail Fungus with Blue Light Therapy

Blue light therapy, also known as photodynamic therapy, is an emerging treatment option for stubborn toenail fungus. It uses light waves in the blue wavelength to activate a photosensitizing agent applied to the affected nail. This combo of light and medicine destroys fungal cells and inhibits growth without damaging the surrounding skin.

Here's an overview of how blue light therapy works to eliminate toenail fungus:

1. A topical photosensitizing agent is applied to the infected toenail and allowed to absorb into the nail plate.
2. The nail is exposed to a special blue light for several minutes, which activates the photosensitizing agent.
3. The activated agent releases oxygen radicals, which are toxic to fungal cells.
4. This process repeats up to 3 times in one session, destroying fungal growth and spores.
5. The treatment is repeated weekly until the new nail grows in clear of fungus.

The antifungal properties of blue light make it an effective option for chronic or severe cases of toenail fungus. Here are some of the benefits of using blue light therapy:

• Non-invasive and painless
• High cure rates compared to other treatments
• Fast - new nail growth in 8-12 months
• No risk of bacterial resistance
• Minimal side effects
• Safe for repeated use

While considered very safe, potential side effects can include temporary redness or irritation after treatment. Goggles are worn during the procedure to protect eyes from the blue light.

What to Expect with Blue Light Therapy

When you arrive for a blue light therapy session, the process will begin with cleaning and filing the infected toenail(s). The topical photosensitizing agent, usually methyl aminolevulinate, will then be applied to the nail and surrounding skin.

After allowing time for absorption, your foot will be positioned under the blue light for several minutes. You'll wear protective goggles to shield your eyes. Most devices have a timer so you know when the light exposure is complete. The session is then repeated up to 3 times during your visit.

After the procedure, you can resume normal activity. Twice-weekly application of the photosensitizing cream is recommended between in-office sessions. The entire course of treatment may take anywhere from 2-9 months depending on severity. You'll need to avoid nail polish and other products on the treated nails during that time.

At-Home Blue Light Devices

In addition to in-office procedures, there are now effective at-home blue light devices available by prescription. These allow you to do the treatments in the comfort and privacy of your home.

At-home devices have similar effectiveness rates to in-office treatments - up to 80% in clinical studies. Consistency is key for optimal results.

Talk to your doctor to find out if at-home blue light therapy is an option for your individual case of toenail fungus. An at-home regimen can help maximize your chances for completely clear nails.

Other Treatment Options for Toenail Fungus

In addition to blue light therapy, other standard treatments for toenail fungus include:

Medications

Oral antifungal medications like terbinafine or itraconozole are commonly prescribed for moderate to severe toenail fungus. These medications work throughout the body to reach the infection. Potential side effects include nausea, diarrhea, headache and liver damage. Blood tests are required to monitor liver function.

Topical antifungal lacquers, solutions, and creams can also be used directly on the affected nail. These have fewer side effects than oral medication, but may be less effective. Topical treatments need to be used daily for up to one year.

Nail Removal

In severe cases where the nail is highly damaged, permanent nail removal surgery may be recommended. This involves surgically removing part or all of the nail. Medications are still needed afterwards to clear remaining fungal infection.

Natural Remedies

Many people try home remedies first to avoid medication side effects. Soaking the nails in a vinegar solution or using tea tree oil, coconut oil, oregano oil or snakeroot extract may help when combined with proper hygiene. Clinical evidence is limited regarding natural remedies.

Preventing Toenail Fungus

Prevention is the best medicine when it comes to fungal toenail infections. Here are tips to keep your toes fungus-free:

• Keep nails trimmed short
• Wear shower shoes in public areas
• Don't share nail clippers or files
• Wear clean, breathable socks
• Treat athlete's foot promptly
• Disinfect home pedicure tools
• Avoid picking at nails
• Apply an antifungal powder or spray
• Let nails dry completely after bathing or swimming

Maintaining good hygiene and foot health make it much less likely that toenail fungus will develop. But if you do notice any symptoms, see your doctor right away for proper diagnosis and treatment. Getting rid of toenail fungus as soon as possible provides the best results.

The Takeaway

Toenail fungus is a common problem that can be challenging to treat. Blue light therapy is an emerging treatment option that uses light energy to destroy fungal cells. It has high success rates and minimal side effects.

In-office treatments combined with at-home devices provide optimal results. Preventing fungus in the first place is ideal. But even the most stubborn fungal toenail infection can be cleared up with diligent treatment and care.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.