Can a TENS Unit Help Relieve Fibromyalgia Pain and Symptoms?

How Effective is a TENS Unit for Fibromyalgia Pain Relief?

Fibromyalgia is a complex disorder characterized by chronic widespread muscle pain, fatigue, sleep issues and mood changes. Pain is often one of the most debilitating fibromyalgia symptoms. Some patients have found relief using a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit. Research shows TENS therapy may be effective for certain fibromyalgia patients when used correctly.

What is Fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition causing pain and tenderness throughout the body. It typically involves increased sensitivity to touch, muscle tightness, profound fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, insomnia, anxiety and depression. Fibromyalgia affects about 4 million adults in the U.S., mainly women.

While the exact causes are unknown, fibromyalgia likely involves nerves misfiring and overreacting to stimuli. Researchers believe changes in brain chemistry and function lead to central nervous system hypersensitivity. Genetics, trauma and stress may trigger fibromyalgia development.

There is no cure for fibromyalgia. Integrative treatment plans aim to ease symptoms and improve quality of life. Medications, exercise, stress reduction, cognitive behavioral therapy and complementary therapies help manage fibromyalgia.

TENS Unit Therapy

Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) uses a small battery-powered device to deliver mild electrical impulses through electrodes placed on the skin. The stimulation blocks pain signals from reaching the brain. Increased endorphin production provides additional pain relief.

TENS therapy is used to treat many types of acute and chronic pain, including back pain, osteoarthritis, headaches, sports injuries and post-surgical pain. Its non-invasive, inexpensive and easy to implement at home. Potential risks include skin irritation and electric shock if improperly used.

Research on TENS Units and Fibromyalgia

Studies show transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation may offer certain benefits for fibromyalgia pain management. However, results are somewhat conflicting.

A 2011 study had 18 fibromyalgia patients use an active TENS unit for two hours per day while remaining physically active. Actual TENS treatment was compared to sham treatment. Active TENS therapy reduced overall pain levels by around 30% compared to no pain reduction with sham treatment. Fatigue levels were also lower with active treatment.

Another 2011 study evaluated using TENS overnight while sleeping. The results showed TENS significantly decreased pain, anxiety and depression in the short term. However, effects were not sustained long term. The researchers concluded TENS for fibromyalgia needed to be applied frequently for continued benefits.

Conversely, a 2010 meta-analysis found TENS offered no statistically significant pain reduction for fibromyalgia patients. The reviewers noted substantial weaknesses in the research methodology of existing studies.

Overall, current research data is limited but indicates TENS therapy could provide moderate short-term relief for some fibromyalgia sufferers when applied consistently during activity or flares. More high quality studies are still needed.

Using a TENS Unit for Fibromyalgia Pain

A TENS unit may be worth trying under the supervision of your doctor and therapist. Proper use is key to getting results. Suggested TENS usage tips for fibromyalgia include:

During Activity and Flare-Ups

Use TENS while active and when pain increases to block signals. Place electrodes on painful areas or tender points before starting activity. Keep the device on the entire time you are upright and mobile.

Consistent Daily Use

For the best chance of ongoing pain relief, use a TENS unit 1-2 times per day for at least an hour at a time. Consistency is important, as benefits are temporary. Create a routine and use it whether you have mild or severe pain that day.

Soothing Mode First

Start with a gentle soothing setting to get used to the sensation before increasing intensity. The tingling feeling takes some adjustment. Slowly turn up as tolerated to reach the optimal setting where pain diminishes.

Electrode Placement

Try different electrode positions on the back, neck, shoulders, legs and hips to determine what works best. Move electrodes around targeted areas during treatment. Proper placement is key for fibromyalgia.

Combination Therapy

Use TENS along with other modalities like heat, massage, stretching, percussion therapy or your medication regimen. Layering treatments can enhance effectiveness for chronic widespread fibromyalgia pain.

Watch for Habituation

Nerves may get used to stimulation. Rotate electrode sites and vary settings periodically. Take breaks from TENS if it seems less effective over time. You can reuse it again after some time off.

TENS Unit Placement for Fibromyalgia

Electrode pad placement impacts results. Try these targeted areas to treat widespread fibromyalgia pain:

Upper Back

Place two pads on either side of the upper back, straddling the spine. Use for mid and low back muscle pain and tightness.

Neck

Position electrodes on the base of the neck where it meets the trapezius muscles. Helps cervical spine pain and tension headaches.

Shoulders

Stick pads above the shoulder blades or on top of the shoulders to ease periscapular pain and trigger points.

Hips

Surround the hip joints with pads to stimulate nerves and provide SI joint pain relief.

Legs

Place pads above and below the knees to target tender points along the thigh muscles and calves.

Hands

For carpal tunnel-like symptoms, use electrode pads on the palm or back of the hand near the wrist.

Always start on the lowest setting and increase intensity slowly while monitoring your pain levels and comfort.

Choosing a TENS Unit for Fibromyalgia

Look for these features when selecting a TENS device:

• At least two channels and 4 pads
• Adjustable intensity and frequency settings
• Multiple mode options (bursts, modulation, etc.)
• Timer and/or auto shut-off
• Long-lasting battery or rechargeable
• Comfortable, medical-grade pads
• Warranty for device replacement

Higher quality TENS units allow for more customization and targeted pain relief. Consult your doctor or physical therapist for personalized recommendations.

Wearable TENS Units

Wearable TENS devices may offer greater convenience and mobility. However, limitations include:

• Pre-set programs instead of adjustable settings
• Limited placement with only one or two groups of pads
• Less power and intensity capability
• Frequent charging required
• Potentially less durable

The trade-off for a wearable units portability is reduced flexibility and control. But if you only need general pain relief, a wearable model may work.

TENS Precautions and Risks

TENS therapy is low risk when used properly, but does have some safety considerations:

• Avoid using on the chest/upper torso or over the carotid sinus (neck)
• Dont use if you have a cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator
• Prevent pad contact with metal implants like pins or screws
• Never use in water like a bath or pool
• Dont use while sleeping, driving or operating machinery
• Start at lowest settings and increase intensity slowly
• Remove pads and turn device off after use

Adverse effects like skin irritation, allergic reaction and electric shock are possible but rare. Discontinue use if you experience any pain, discomfort or concerns.

Safety Tips

• Carefully read all manufacturer instructions
• Check pads frequently for redness, burns or irritation
• Always start sessions at the lowest setting
• Gradually increase intensity to a comfortable level
• Never raise intensity to painful or intolerable levels
• Make sure device is off before removing pads
• Stop using TENS if you are pregnant unless approved by your OBGYN

Adding a TENS Unit to Your Fibromyalgia Treatment Plan

While study results are mixed, some fibromyalgia patients do report symptom relief from using TENS units. A TENS device may provide temporary pain reduction between flares when used along with other therapies under medical guidance. Its not a standalone cure, but could be a beneficial complementary treatment option.

Work closely with your healthcare providers to determine if TENS is appropriate for you. Have them recommend proper settings, electrode placement and usage schedule to maximize potential benefits while staying safe.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.