How to Remove Blackheads Safely at Home - Dermatologist Tips

Understanding Blackheads and How They Form

Blackheads are a common skin condition that nearly everyone experiences at some point. They occur when pores become clogged with oil and dead skin cells. This clog oxidizes when exposed to air, turning it black, hence the name "blackhead." While mostly harmless, blackheads can look unsightly and lead to more severe acne breakouts if not properly treated.

What Causes Blackheads?

Blackheads form for a few different reasons:

• Excess sebum production - The sebaceous glands in your skin produce an oil called sebum. When too much sebum is produced, it can clog pores and contribute to blackheads.
• Accumulation of dead skin cells - Dead skin cells that aren't properly exfoliated can build up and clog pores.
• Bacteria - Acne-causing bacteria like Propionibacterium acnes can proliferate in clogged pores and cause inflammation.
• Enlarged pores - Genetics, sun damage, and aging can all lead to enlarged pores that become more prone to clogging.

Where Do Blackheads Commonly Appear?

Blackheads can pop up anywhere on the skin but are most common in the following areas:

• Nose - The nose is an oil-rich area prone to blackheads. They frequently appear on and around the nose.
• Forehead - For many, the forehead is another blackhead hot spot as it also tends to be oilier.
• Chest - Blackheads often develop on the chest, back, and other oily areas of the body.

Why You Shouldn't Pop or Pick at Blackheads

While it may be tempting to pop or squeeze blackheads, this can actually worsen them and lead to scarring. Here's why you should keep your hands off:

It Can Spread Bacteria

Popping blackheads risks pushing the trapped bacteria deeper into the skin and surrounding pores. This can lead to more breakouts and inflammation. Your fingers can also introduce new bacteria that exacerbate the problem.

It Can Damage Your Skin

Picking at blackheads can damage the skin, enlarge pores, and lead to scarring. This is especially true if you use your fingernails or any sharp tools, which can cut the skin.

It Can Cause New Blackheads to Form

Forcing a blackhead out can damage the pore wall. This makes it harder for the pore to empty naturally in the future. The damaged pore may also overcompensate with extra sebum production, which encourages new blackheads to form.

Blackheads Often Reappear in The Same Spot

Even if you successfully extract a blackhead, they tend to reappear in the same location. This is because the underlying factors that caused it are still present.

Dermatologist-Approved Ways to Remove Blackheads

While DIY blackhead removal can do more harm than good, there are some safer and effective methods recommended by dermatologists. Here are some of the best ways to get rid of blackheads for clear, healthy skin.

Use a Chemical Exfoliant

Chemical exfoliants like salicylic acid, glycolic acid, and retinoids can help unclog pores and remove dead skin cells. This helps dislodge blackheads so they can be washed away. Using an exfoliant 1-2 times per week reduces blackheads and prevents new ones from forming.

Try a Clay Mask

Clay masks help absorb excess oil and draw out impurities from the skin. Look for masks containing bentonite or kaolin clay. Apply a thin layer to blackhead-prone areas and allow it to dry completely before rinsing. Use a clay mask once or twice weekly for the best results.

Get Regular Facials

Visiting a dermatologist or esthetician for regular facials and extractions can safely clear pores. They use sterile tools and specialized techniques to remove blackheads without damaging your skin. Professional extractions make blackheads less likely to quickly fill back up.

Open Pores With Steam

Steaming your face helps open your pores so blackheads can be washed out. Drape a hot, damp washcloth over your face for a few minutes before cleansing. You can also hold your face over a bowl of hot water. Avoid burning your skin by keeping at least 10 inches away from the steam source.

Use a Pore Strips

Pore strips work by adhering to dirt and oil in your pores. Let the strip dry on your nose or other affected area, then peel it off to extract the gunk. Pore strips help draw out blackheads quickly, but won't address the root causes or prevent new ones.

Try a Nose Scrub

Gently scrubbing the nose with an exfoliating cleanser helps remove dead skin cell buildup. Look for scrubs containing soft natural exfoliants like oatmeal. Be careful not to scrub too hard to avoid irritating your skin.

See a Dermatologist if Needed

For severe cases of blackheads not responding to at-home treatments, see a board certified dermatologist. They can prescribe stronger chemical exfoliants or extract stubborn blackheads. Lasers, microdermabrasion, and photodynamic therapy are also options for difficult blackheads.

Blackhead Prevention Tips

Preventing blackheads from forming in the first place is key for clear skin. Here are some tips for keeping pores clear and minimizing blackheads:

Wash Your Face Twice Daily

Cleansing your face morning and evening removes excess oil, makeup, and debris that lead to clogged pores. Use a gentle cleanser that won't strip your skin.

Exfoliate Regularly

Use a chemical exfoliant or scrub to remove the buildup of dead cells that can block pores. Exfoliate 1-3 times per week, being careful not to overdo it.

Use Oil-Free Products

Choose oil-free skincare and cosmetic products whenever possible, especially if you have oily skin. Even products labeled "noncomedogenic" can clog pores for some people.

Avoid Touching Your Face

Try your best not to pick at or rub your face, which can contribute to clogged pores and blackheads. Don't rest your face in your hands.

Shower After Sweating

Rinse off soon after vigorous exercise, heat, or humidity to wash away sweat that can clog pores. Keep gym towels and bed linens clean too.

Protect Skin from the Sun

UV exposure can lead to skin damage and oil production, worsening blackheads. Wear sunscreen with at least SPF 30 whenever going outside.

Control Oil With Products

If you have very oily skin, use oil-absorbing products. Try oil-blotting sheets, mattifying primers and powders, or creams with niacinamide.

See a Dermatologist if Needed

Make an appointment with a dermatologist if you have severe or persistent blackheads. Prescription treatments are stronger and can target acne-causing bacteria.

When to See a Doctor About Blackheads

In most cases, it's fine to treat blackheads safely at home. But see your dermatologist if you experience:

• Severe or widespread blackheads
• Blackheads that don't respond to over-the-counter treatments
• Painful, inflamed blackheads
• Blackheads along with red, swollen bumps or pus-filled acne lesions
• Scarring due to picking blackheads

A dermatologist can determine if an underlying condition is causing your blackheads. Prescription-strength creams, antibiotics, or hormonal treatments may be warranted for severe cases.

The Takeaway

Blackheads are extremely common but can be cleared up with consistent prevention and treatment. Avoid the temptation to pop them yourself and use dermatologist-recommended methods instead. With a few simple skincare techniques, you can successfully get rid of existing blackheads and keep new ones from forming.

Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.