Everything You Need to Know About Group C Strep
Group C strep refers to a type of bacteria called Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus. This infectious agent can cause illness in both animals and humans. While not as widely discussed as the more common group A strep, group C strep still poses important health risks. Understanding the transmission, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this emerging infection is key.
Streptococcus Bacteria Overview
Streptococci are spherical bacteria that appear in chains or pairs under the microscope. They are further classified by cell wall carbohydrates into groups called Lancefield groups. The most common in humans are:
- Group A strep
- Group B strep
- Group C strep
- Group G strep
Groups A, B, C and G are clinically important causes of human infections. The spectrum of illness depends on the strain and site of infection. Some live harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes, while others cause mild to severe infections.
About Group C Streptococci
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus is the main bacterium in Lancefield group C. Also known as S. zooepidemicus, this gram-positive, beta-hemolytic agent was first isolated from horses.
Group C strep bacteria are one of the most common causes of bovine mastitis, which is udder inflammation in cows. This infection spreads easily between animals in close contact. Humans most often catch this "zoo" strain through drinking unpasteurized milk or having direct contact with infected animals.
Transmission and Spread
Group C strep spreads through:
- Consuming unpasteurized milk or dairy products from infected cows, sheep or goats
- Coming into contact with vaginal secretions of infected animals during birth
- Petting zoos, animal exhibits, rodeos, farms and equestrian events
- International travel in rural areas with animal contact
- Human-to-human transmission is very rare
Eating or drinking contaminated animal products is the #1 route of transmission. Pasteurization kills these bacteria, preventing disease spread through commercial dairy products.
Group C Strep Infections and Symptoms
In humans, group C strep most often causes:
- Pharyngitis: inflammation of the throat
- Tonsillitis: inflammation of the tonsils
- Sinusitis: sinus infection
- Cellulitis: skin infection
- Bacteremia: bloodstream infection
- Pneumonia: lung infection
- Meningitis: infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord
- Endocarditis: infection of the inner lining of the heart
Symptoms vary depending on the location and severity of infection but can include:
- Fever
- Chills
FAQs
Can I drink alcohol on the military diet?
No, alcohol is not permitted on the 3-day military diet plan. Alcohol is high in empty calories and should be avoided while following the low-calorie meal plan.
Is the military diet safe for diabetics?
The military diet is generally not recommended for diabetics due to the extreme calorie restriction. Consult your doctor to discuss diet options that are tailored to your health condition.
Can I have snacks on the military diet?
The meal plan does not allow additional snacks. Follow the diet as outlined without making substitutions or additions for best results. Hydrate with water if hungry between meals.
How much water should I drink on the military diet?
Aim for at least 64 ounces (8 cups) of water per day minimum when following the military diet. Staying well hydrated is key when cutting calories.
Can I do the military diet for 5 days?
No, the military diet is designed to be followed for just 3 days at a time. Following the very low calorie plan for longer than 3 days is not recommended and may be unsafe.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new treatment regimen.
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